{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:53:19Z","timestamp":1792263199035,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has witnessed substantial progress with the advent of parametric mapping techniques, most notably T1 and T2 mapping. These advanced techniques provide valuable insights into a wide range of cardiac conditions, including ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, inflammatory cardiomyopathies, heart valve disease, and athlete\u2019s heart. Mapping could be the first sign of myocardial injury and oftentimes precedes symptoms, changes in ejection fraction, and irreversible myocardial remodeling. The ability of parametric mapping to offer a quantitative assessment of myocardial tissue properties addresses the limitations of conventional CMR methods, which often rely on qualitative or semiquantitative data. However, challenges persist, especially in terms of standardization and reference value establishment, hindering the wider clinical adoption of parametric mapping. Future developments should prioritize the standardization of techniques to enhance their clinical applicability, ultimately optimizing patient care pathways and outcomes. In this review, we endeavor to provide insights into the potential contributions of CMR mapping techniques in enhancing the diagnostic processes across a range of cardiac conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T05:21:38Z","timestamp":1704691298000},"page":"337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["CMR Mapping: The 4th-Era Revolution in Cardiac Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazario","family":"Carrabba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia Alexis","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7133-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Igoren","family":"Guaricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Carella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3225-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Maestrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine and Science of Rome, Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (CONI), 00197 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Monosilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine and Science of Rome, Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (CONI), 00197 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8920-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Pedrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.S. Cardiologia Diagnostica per Immagini\u2014RM Cardiaca; S.C. Cardiologia 4 Diagnostica-Riabilitativa Dipartimento CardioToracoVascolare \u201cDe Gasperis\u201d, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6656-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2991-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Figliozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Torlasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20165 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-340X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Barison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8261-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Baggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Scatteia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular MRI Laboratory, Unit of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Ospedale Medico-Chirurgico Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, 80011 Acerra, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1339-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Pontone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7153-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santo","family":"Dellegrottaglie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular MRI Laboratory, Unit of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Ospedale Medico-Chirurgico Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, 80011 Acerra, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0308-4","article-title":"Cardiac T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume (ECV) in clinical practice: A comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Haaf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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