{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:12:12Z","timestamp":1783703532613,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["45\/PB\/RID\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["45\/PB\/RID\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obesity, a common lifestyle-related condition, is correlated with factors like inadequate physical activity. Its connection to diverse health issues presents a significant challenge to healthcare. This pilot study investigated the effects of hypoxic training on aerobic capacity and biometric-structural indicators in obese women. The secondary objective was to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of the planned research procedures and their potential for larger-scale implementation. Material and methods: Forty-one non-trained women with first-degree obesity were randomly assigned to even normobaric hypoxic training (H + E), normoxic training (E), passive exposure to hypoxia (H), and a control group (C). Training sessions were conducted three times a week for four weeks (12 training sessions). Body composition parameters were assessed, metabolic thresholds were determined, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured before and after interventions. Results: The results demonstrated that training in hypoxic conditions significantly affected somatic parameters, with the H + E group achieving the best outcomes in terms of weight reduction and improvements in body composition indicators (p &lt; 0.001). Normoxic training also induced a positive impact on body weight and body composition, although the results were less significant compared to the H + E group (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, training in hypoxic conditions significantly improved the aerobic capacity among the participants (p &lt; 0.001). The H + E group achieved the best results in enhancing respiratory endurance and oxygen consumption (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest, that hypoxic training can be effective for weight reduction and improving the aerobic capacity in obese women. Despite study limitations, these findings indicate that hypoxic training could be an innovative approach to address obesity and related conditions. Caution is advised in interpreting the results, considering both the strengths and limitations of the pilot study. Before proceeding to a larger-scale study, the main study should be expanded, including aspects such as dietary control, monitoring physical activity, and biochemical blood analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T05:47:21Z","timestamp":1704865641000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Aerobic Capacity and Biometric-Structural Indicators among Obese Women\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Bagi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6997-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ka\u0142u\u017ca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Tota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9535-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Piotrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Maciejczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Mucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Body Renovation and Body Posture Correction, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Ouergui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science, Health and Movement, High 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Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Physical Education in Wroc\u0142aw, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Pa\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiologia oty\u0142o\u015bci na \u015bwiecie i w Polsce","volume":"5","author":"Koszowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forum Zaburze\u0144 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