{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:27:43Z","timestamp":1787653663962,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The presence of a positional compression of the neurovascular bundle in the outlet between the thorax and the upper limb during arm movements (mainly abduction) is common but remains asymptomatic in most adults. Nevertheless, a certain number of subjects with thoracic outlet positional compression will develop incapacitating symptoms or clinical complications as a result of this condition. Symptomatic forms of positional neurovascular bundle compression are referred to as \u201cthoracic outlet syndrome\u201d (TOS). Materials and methods: This paper aims to review the literature and discuss the interactions between aspects of patients\u2019 lifestyles in TOS. The manuscript will be organized to report (1) the historical importance of lifestyle evolution on TOS; (2) the evaluation of lifestyle in the clinical routine of TOS-suspected patients, with a description of both the methods for lifestyle evaluation in the clinical routine and the role of lifestyle in the occurrence and characteristics of TOS; and (3) the influence of lifestyle on the treatment options of TOS, with a description of both the treatment of TOS through lifestyle changes and the influence of lifestyle on the invasive treatment options of TOS. Results: We report that in patients with TOS, lifestyle (1) is closely related to anatomical changes with human evolution; (2) is poorly evaluated by questionnaires and is one of the factors that may induce symptoms; (3) influences the sex ratio in symptomatic athletes and likely explains why so many people with positional compression remain asymptomatic; and (4) can sometimes be modified to improve symptoms and potentially alter the range of interventional treatment options available. Conclusions: Detailed descriptions of the lifestyles of patients with suspected TOS should be carefully analysed and reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T12:56:33Z","timestamp":1704977793000},"page":"417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Role of Lifestyle in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Abraham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Sports Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"},{"name":"Service of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"},{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University Angers, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Lecoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Sports Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"},{"name":"Service of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Mechenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5906-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Deveze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Hersant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Henni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France"},{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University Angers, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000001908","article-title":"Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Part I: Systematic Review of the Literature and Consensus on Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Classification of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies\u2019 Section of Peripheral Nerve Surgery","volume":"90","author":"Dengler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e34470","article-title":"Anatomy and Pathogenesis of Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Perdikakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.04.017","article-title":"Descriptive anatomy of the interscalene triangle and the costoclavicular space and their relationship to thoracic outlet syndrome: A study of 60 cadavers","volume":"35","author":"Dahlstrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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