{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:42Z","timestamp":1787028642790,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Vienna"},{"name":"Institut Straumann AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of single posterior screw-retained monolithic implant crowns following a digital and conventional workflow and to report on the survival\/complication rate after a mean 4-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with a single posterior tooth missing were rehabilitated with a bone-level implant. After a healing period of \u22653 months, they were subjected to both a digital and conventional workflow to fabricate two screw-retained monolithic implant crowns. The quantitative clinical adjustments to both crowns (intrasubject comparison) and a questionnaire were recorded at try-in. Thereafter, a crown of the digital and conventional workflows was randomly inserted. At the last follow-up, the marginal bone level (MBL), peri-implant health-related parameters (bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque, pocket probing depth (PPD)), and functional implant prosthodontic score (FIPS) were assessed. Furthermore, the implant survival and success rates and technical complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 27 patients were followed for a mean period of 4.23 \u00b1 1.10 years. There was no significant difference between the digital and conventional workflows regarding clinical adjustments and questionnaire outcomes. More than twice as many participants recommended digital (n = 16) compared to conventional impressions (n = 7) to friends. The implant survival and success rate were 100% and 96.3%, respectively. Furthermore, two de-cementations and one fracture of the ti-base abutment occurred. There were no significant differences in BoP, plaque, and PPD metrics between the two groups. The changes in the MBL between implant crown insertion (baseline) and the last follow-up were 0.07 \u00b1 0.19 mm and 0.34 \u00b1 0.62 mm in the digital and conventional groups, respectively (p = 0.195). The mean overall FIPS score was 8.11 \u00b1 1.37 (range: 5\u201310). Conclusions: The clinical and radiographic outcomes of single screw-retained monolithic implant crowns were similar between both workflows after a mean of 4 years of service. The patients did not clearly prefer an impression technique for their restoration, although they would recommend the digital impression more often to friends. Thus, decision regarding clinical workflows may be based on the patient\u2019s and\/or clinician\u2019s preference.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1705045636000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Single Implant-Supported Zirconia Crowns Following a Digital and Conventional Workflow: Four-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1662-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2379-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lana","family":"Zupancic Cepic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-202X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Lettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Core Facility Hard Tissue Research and Biomaterial Research, Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Division for Dental Student Training and Patient Care, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ulm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-9992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner","family":"Zechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schedle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center Dental Materials, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12164","article-title":"Digital technology in fixed implant prosthodontics","volume":"73","author":"Joda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2019-224","article-title":"Progress in digital dentistry: The practical use of intraoral scanners","volume":"39","author":"Suese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13273","article-title":"The accuracy of different dental impression techniques for implant-supported dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13211","article-title":"Digital vs Conventional Implant Impressions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Papaspyridakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-021-00352-9","article-title":"Trueness and precision of digital implant impressions by intraoral scanners: A literature review","volume":"7","author":"Sanda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2021.13.4.191","article-title":"Use of measuring gauges for in vivo accuracy analysis of intraoral scanners: A pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Iturrate","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104332","article-title":"Time efficiency and efficacy of a centralized computer-aided-design\/computer-aided-manufacturing workflow for implant crown fabrication: A prospective controlled clinical study","volume":"127","author":"Lamperti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13447","article-title":"Time efficiency and quality of outcomes in a model-free digital workflow using digital impression immediately after implant placement: A double-blind self-controlled clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12753","article-title":"Time-efficiency analysis of the treatment with monolithic implant crowns in a digital workflow: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Joda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13846","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of implant-supported reconstructions using digital workflows: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Bishti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.2319\/020619-84.1","article-title":"A comparison of patient experience, chair-side time, accuracy of dental arch measurements and costs of acquisition of dental models","volume":"89","author":"Glisic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13790","article-title":"Randomized Clinical Trial comparing clinical adjustment times of CAD\/CAM screw-retained posterior crowns on ti-base abutments created with digital or conventional impressions. One-year follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Derksen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13494","article-title":"Intrasubject comparison of digital vs. conventional workflow for screw-retained single-implant crowns: Prosthodontic and patient-centered outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Delize","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13519","article-title":"Quantitative clinical adjustment analysis of posterior single implant crown in a chairside digital workflow: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.7891","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial on screw-retained monolithic zirconia restorations on ti-base abutments based on digital or conventional impression techniques","volume":"36","author":"Derksen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14151","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and quantitative occlusal change analysis of posterior implant-supported all-ceramic crowns: A 3-year randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marconcini, S., Giammarinaro, E., Covani, U., Mijiritsky, E., Vela, X., and Rodr\u00edguez, X. (2019). The effect of tapered abutments on marginal bone level: A retrospective cohort study. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091305"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S278","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12956","article-title":"Peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis: Case definitions and diagnostic considerations","volume":"45","author":"Renvert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2332-7","article-title":"The Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS): Assessment of reproducibility and observer variability","volume":"22","author":"Joda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12375","article-title":"Accuracy of digital versus conventional implant impressions","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14171","article-title":"A double-blind randomized within-subject study to evaluate clinical applicability of four digital workflows for the fabrication of posterior single implant crown","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.01.024","article-title":"The accuracy of virtual interocclusal registration during intraoral scanning","volume":"120","author":"Edher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.11.014","article-title":"Clinical accuracy and reproducibility of virtual interocclusal records","volume":"124","author":"Abdulateef","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck, F., Lettner, S., Zupancic Cepic, L., and Schedle, A. (2023). Comparison of Virtual Intersection and Occlusal Contacts between Intraoral and Laboratory Scans: An In-Vivo Study. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030996"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(10)60105-9","article-title":"The effect of equilibrating mounted dental stone casts on the occlusal harmony of cast metal complete crowns","volume":"104","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-19-00024","article-title":"Evaluation of the Treatment of Partially Edentulous Patients with Bone Level Tapered Implants: 24-Month Clinical and Radiographic Follow-Up","volume":"46","author":"Pariente","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12681","article-title":"CAD\/CAM implant crowns in a digital workflow: Five-year follow-up of a prospective clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Joda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103875","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) comparing digital and conventional workflows for treatment with posterior single-unit implant restorations: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Kunavisarut","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.9693","article-title":"Fracture Resistance of CAD\/CAM Monolithic Zirconia Crowns Supported by Titanium and Ti-Base Abutments: The Effect of Chewing Simulation and Thermocyclic Aging","volume":"38","author":"Yavuz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12416","article-title":"Prosthetic failures in dental implant therapy","volume":"88","author":"Sailer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104718","article-title":"Factors that influence the accuracy of maxillomandibular relationship at maximum intercuspation acquired by using intraoral scanners: A systematic review","volume":"138","author":"Barmak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dent."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/2\/432\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:45:35Z","timestamp":1760103935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/2\/432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13020432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13020432","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]}}}