{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:05:15Z","timestamp":1791947115041,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ventilatory efficiency (VE\/VCO2) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases and defines individuals\u2019 responses to exercise. Its characteristics among endurance athletes (EA) remain understudied. In a cohort of EA, we aimed to (1) investigate the relationship between different methods of calculation of VE\/VCO2 and (2) externally validate prediction equations for VE\/VCO2. Methods: In total, 140 EA (55% males; age = 22.7 \u00b1 4.6 yrs; BMI = 22.6 \u00b1 1.7 kg\u00b7m\u22122; peak oxygen uptake = 3.86 \u00b1 0.82 L\u00b7min\u22121) underwent an effort-limited cycling cardiopulmonary exercise test. VE\/VCO2 was first calculated to ventilatory threshold (VE\/VCO2-slope), as the lowest 30-s average (VE\/VCO2-Nadir) and from whole exercises (VE\/VCO2-Total). Twelve prediction equations for VE\/VCO2-slope were externally validated. Results: VE\/VCO2-slope was higher in females than males (27.7 \u00b1 2.6 vs. 26.1 \u00b1 2.0, p &lt; 0.001). Measuring methods for VE\/VCO2 differed significantly in males and females. VE\/VCO2 increased in EA with age independently from its type or sex (\u03b2 = 0.066\u20130.127). Eleven equations underestimated VE\/VCO2-slope (from \u22120.5 to \u22123.6). One equation overestimated VE\/VCO2-slope (+0.2). Predicted and observed measurements differed significantly in nine models. Models explained a low amount of variance in the VE\/VCO2-slope (R2 = 0.003\u20130.031). Conclusions: VE\/VCO2-slope, VE\/VCO2-Nadir, and VE\/VCO2-Total were significantly different in EA. Prediction equations for the VE\/VCO2-slope were inaccurate in EA. Physicians should be acknowledged to properly assess cardiorespiratory fitness in EA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T04:03:30Z","timestamp":1705377810000},"page":"490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Is the Ventilatory Efficiency in Endurance Athletes Different?\u2014Findings from the NOODLE Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-6135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Kasiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1333-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport\u2014National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"R\u0119bi\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport\u2014National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Klusiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Branch in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"\u0141adyga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport\u2014National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport\u2014National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport\u2014National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szczepan","family":"Wiecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Branch in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7245-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Barylski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5281-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam Rafa\u0142","family":"Poliwczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Wierzbi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9569-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Mamcarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"\u015ali\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2007.03.004","article-title":"The minute ventilation\/carbon dioxide production slope is prognostically superior to the oxygen uptake efficiency slope","volume":"13","author":"Arena","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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