{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:09:38Z","timestamp":1779120578679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may contribute to venous thromboembolism (VTE) with adverse effects on the course of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to investigate an incidence and risk factors for VTE in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a non-intensive care unit (non-ICU). Consecutive adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized from November 2021 to March 2022 in the isolation non-ICU at our center were included in the study. Incidence of VTE including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), clinical characteristics, and D-dimer plasma levels during the hospitalization were retrospectively evaluated. Among the 181 patients (aged 68.8 \u00b1 16.2 years, 44% females, 39% Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant, 61% Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant), VTE occurred in 29 patients (VTE group, 16% of the entire cohort). Of them, PE and DVT were diagnosed in 15 (8.3% of the entire cohort) and 14 (7.7%) patients, respectively. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were observed between the VTE and non-VTE groups. On admission, median D-dimer was elevated in both groups, more for VTE group (1549 ng\/mL in VTE vs. 1111 ng\/mL in non-VTE, p = 0.09). Median maximum D-dimer was higher in the VTE than in the non-VTE group (5724 ng\/mL vs. 2200 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.005). In the univariate analysis, systemic arterial hypertension and the need for oxygen therapy were predictors of VTE during hospitalization for COVID-19 (odds ratio 2.59 and 2.43, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). No significant associations were found between VTE risk and other analyzed factors; however, VTE was more likely to occur in patients with a history of VTE, neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary or kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, obesity, and Delta variant infection. Thromboprophylaxis (83.4% of the entire cohort) and anticoagulant treatment (16.6%) were not associated with a decreased VTE risk. The incidence of VTE in patients hospitalized in non-ICU for COVID-19 was high despite the common use of thromboprophylaxis or anticoagulant treatment. A diagnosis of arterial hypertension and the need for oxygen therapy were associated with an increased VTE risk. Continuous D-dimer monitoring is required for the early detection of VTE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T07:41:28Z","timestamp":1705477288000},"page":"528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Non-Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4450-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Mackiewicz-Milewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0645-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Cisowska-Adamiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Pyskir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"\u015awi\u0105tkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1756306","article-title":"Relative Hypercoagulopathy of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta Variants when Compared to the Less Severe Omicron Variants Is Related to TEG Parameters, the Extent of Fibrin Amyloid Microclots, and the Severity of Clinical Illness","volume":"48","author":"Grobbelaar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. 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