{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:10:38Z","timestamp":1774523438390,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Primary resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to the conventional 3 + 7 intensive chemotherapy and relapses after first-line chemotherapy are two highly challenging clinical scenarios. In these cases, when allogeneic stem cell transplantation is feasible, patients are usually retreated with other chemotherapeutic regimens, as transplantation is still considered, nowadays, the only curative option. Methods. We discuss the mechanisms behind resistance to chemotherapy and offer a comprehensive review on current treatments of refractory\/relapsed AML with a focus on novel approaches incorporating the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Results. Alas, complete remission rates after salvage chemotherapy remain relatively low, between 30 and 60% at best. More recently, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax was combined either with hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy in refractory\/relapsed patients. In particular, its combination with chemotherapy offered promising results by achieving higher rates of remission and bridging a substantial number of patients to transplantation. Conclusions. Venetoclax-based approaches might become, in the near future, the new standard of care for refractory\/relapsed AML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T06:41:22Z","timestamp":1705560082000},"page":"549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Venetoclax Combined with Intensive Chemotherapy: A New Hope for Refractory and\/or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ramy","family":"Rahm\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93017 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93017 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"485","article-title":"Cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878) and daunorubicin (NSC-83142) therapy in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia","volume":"57","author":"Yates","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. 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