{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:39:12Z","timestamp":1791463152584,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["21K171611A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K171611A"]}]},{"name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["23K16204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K16204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the correlation between maxillofacial morphology and caries risk, assessed using salivary tests, in orthodontic patients. Despite enhancing the oral health-related quality of life, orthodontic treatment may adversely affect oral hygiene and increase caries risk. This study included 1071 patients all of whom underwent orthodontic examinations and salivary tests before starting orthodontic treatment at a hospital. Salivary tests were performed to assess the secretion rate, pH, buffering capacity, and counts of cariogenic bacteria. The maxillofacial morphology was evaluated using cephalometric X-rays and dental models. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations among salivary characteristics, bacterial scores, and maxillofacial morphology. Notably, the facial angle and Y-axis values were associated with salivary secretion (p &lt; 0.001), pH (p &lt; 0.001), buffering capacity (p &lt; 0.05), and cariogenic bacterial scores (p &lt; 0.01), respectably. In conclusion, assessing the maxillofacial morphology before orthodontic treatment may aid in predicting the risk of bacterial oral diseases, offering valuable insights into personalized preventive measures. These findings underscore the potential for comprehensive evaluations to enhance caries risk assessment in orthodontic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T11:36:41Z","timestamp":1705923401000},"page":"622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maxillofacial Morphology as a Predictive Factor for Caries Risk in Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuma","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Kunimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isamu","family":"Kado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7845-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Yoshimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakura","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8554, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.07.017","article-title":"Validation of Caries Risk Assessment Methods in Orthodontic Patients","volume":"158","author":"Bresin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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