{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:22:12Z","timestamp":1791559332381,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of blood purification therapy is to remove uremic toxins, and middle molecules (MMs) are a specific target. An MM is defined as a solute that passes through the glomerulus with a molecular weight in the range of 0.5\u201358 kDa, and new classifications of \u201csmall-middle 0.5\u201315 kDa,\u201d \u201cmedium-middle 15\u201325 kDa,\u201d and \u201clarge-middle 25\u201358 kDa\u201d were proposed. In Japan, the removal of \u03b11-microglobulin (\u03b1MG) in the large-middle range has been the focus, but a new theory of removal has been developed, emphasizing the antioxidant effect of \u03b1MG as a physiological function. Clinical proof of this mechanism will lead to further development of blood purification therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1705994552000},"page":"647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Middle Molecular Uremic Toxin and Blood Purification Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1207-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Kawanishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsuchiya General Hospital, 3-30 Nakajima-cho Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"The technique of continous hemodialysis","volume":"6","author":"Scribner","year":"1960","journal-title":"Trans. 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