{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:59:42Z","timestamp":1778187582596,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background The effect of air pollutants on the functional status of stroke patients in short-term follow-up is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of air pollution occurring in the stroke period and during hospitalization on the functional status of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods Our study included stroke patients for which the individual-level exposure to ambient levels of O3, CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 during the acute stroke period was assessed. The correlations between the air pollutants\u2019 concentration and the patients\u2019 functional state were analyzed. A total of 499 stroke patients (mean age: 70) were qualified. Results The CO concentration at day of stroke onset was found to be significant regarding the functional state of patients on the 10th day (OR 0.014 95% CI 0\u20130.908, p = 0.048). The parameters which increased the risk of death in the first 10 days were as follows: NIHSS (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15\u20131.42; p &lt; 0.001), intracranial bleeding (OR 4.08; 95% CI 1.75\u20139.76; p = 0.001), and SO2 concentration on day 2 (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.47; p = 0.03). The parameters which increased the mortality rate within 90 days include age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.13; p = 0.005) and NIHSS (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.19\u20131.63; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Exposure to air pollution with CO and SO2 during the acute stroke phase has adverse effects on the patients\u2019 functional status. A combination of parameters, such as neurological state, hemorrhagic transformation, and SO2 exposure, is unfavorable in terms of the risk of death during a hospitalization due to stroke. The risk of a worsened functional status of patients in the first month of stroke rises along with the increase in particulate matter concentrations within the first days of stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T11:35:34Z","timestamp":1706614534000},"page":"746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Direct Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution Worsens the Functional Status of Stroke Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anetta","family":"Lasek-Bal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiktor","family":"Rybicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Student","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Puz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Krzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Derra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762597","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.762597","article-title":"Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalizations for Ischemic Stroke: A Time Series Analysis Using a Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model in Chongqing, China","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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