{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:27:13Z","timestamp":1792078033785,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Eosinophilia can be influenced by multiple factors. This study aims to set a protocol for monitoring blood absolute eosinophil count (AEC) in patients with seasonal allergy affected by bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), or chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis (CRSw\/sNP). Methods: We planned a total of four annual blood samples to measure AEC in- and out-seasonal pollen exposure (i.e., one measurement every three months for one year). Results: We identified two distinct groups of patients (non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic). Patients in the eosinophilic group presented with four different patterns (episodic, transient, floating, and persistent). Most patients with episodic, transient, and floating patterns were affected by mild allergy and the increase in eosinophils was related to allergen exposure. In contrast, patients with the persistent pattern mostly presented with more severe allergy (i.e., severe BA and relapsing CRSwNP) and the eosinophilia was unrelated to allergen exposure. The subgroup of patients with severe BA, relapsing CRSwNP, and persistent eosinophilc pattern were treated with benralizumab, which induced a noteworthy improvement in both severe BA and CRSwNP. Conclusions: Multiple AEC measurements in patients with seasonal allergy can better reflect patient\u2019s eosinophilic status and help define the relationship of AEC enhancement with allergen exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T11:35:34Z","timestamp":1706614534000},"page":"754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Eosinophilic Patterns in Patients with Seasonal Allergy Affected by Bronchial Asthma and Rhinitis\/Rhinosinusitis: Efficacy of Benralizumab in Patients with the Persistent Pattern"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"D\u2019Aiuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7599-5426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Mormile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francescopaolo","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2932-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Della Casa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"D\u2019Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Marzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Mignogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Califano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amato","family":"de Paulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Wanda","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3341","article-title":"Eosinophils: Changing perspectives in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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