{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:26:04Z","timestamp":1792805164738,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Rehabilitation Robots","award":["#NRCTR-EX19001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#NRCTR-EX19001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009pj7834","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Rehabilitation Center","award":["#NRCTR-EX19001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#NRCTR-EX19001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04yt6jn66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea","award":["#NRCTR-EX19001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#NRCTR-EX19001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vxgjw72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy with that of conventional occupational therapy according to the onset and severity of stroke. Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, stroke patients were randomized (1:1) to receive robot-assisted therapy or conventional occupational therapy. The robot-assisted training group received 30 min of robot-assisted therapy twice and 30 min of conventional occupational therapy daily, while the conventional therapy group received 90 min of occupational therapy. Therapy was conducted 5 days\/week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) score after 4 and 8 weeks of therapy. Results: Overall, 113 and 115 patients received robot-assisted and conventional therapy, respectively. The WMFT score after robot-assisted therapy was not significantly better than that after conventional therapy, but there were significant improvements in the Motricity Index (trunk) and the Fugl\u2013Meyer Assessment. After robot-assisted therapy, wrist strength significantly improved in the subacute or moderate-severity group of stroke patients. Conclusions: Robot-assisted therapy improved the upper-limb functions and activities of daily living (ADL) performance as much as conventional occupational therapy. In particular, it showed signs of more therapeutic effectiveness in the subacute stage or moderate-severity group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1706616418000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Benefits of Robot-Assisted Upper-Limb Rehabilitation from the Subacute Stage after a Stroke of Varying Severity: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"So Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8957-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Kyung","family":"Bok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Woo","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoo Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Injury Rehabilitation, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong 12564, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Injury Rehabilitation, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong 12564, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5493-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Mi","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Injury Rehabilitation, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong 12564, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Injury Rehabilitation, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong 12564, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2083-4","article-title":"Robot Assisted Training for the Upper Limb after Stroke (RATULS): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Rodgers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305457","article-title":"Effects of robot-assisted therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Kwakkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabilit. 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