{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:26:44Z","timestamp":1791548804430,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biocodex Microbiota Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the probiotic containing Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (2) Methods: This was a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. (3) Results: After 3 months of treatment, SIBO was absent in 80.0% of patients in the probiotic group and in 23.1% of patients in the placebo group (p = 0.002). The patients with eliminated SIBO had decreased frequency of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, the increased platelets and albumin levels, the decreased blood levels of total bilirubin, biomarkers of bacterial translocation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein), and positive changes in markers of hyperdynamic circulation compared with the state at inclusion. There were no significant changes in the claudin 3 level (the intestinal barrier biomarker) in these patients. No significant changes were observed in the group of patients with persistent SIBO. The serum level of nitrate (endothelial dysfunction biomarker) was lower in patients with eradicated SIBO than in patients with persistent SIBO. One (5.3%) patient with eradicated SIBO and six (42.9%) patients with persistent SIBO died within the first year of follow-up (p = 0.007). (4) Conclusions: SIBO eradication was an independent predictor of a favorable prognosis during the first year of follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T12:38:24Z","timestamp":1707223104000},"page":"919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of a Probiotic Containing Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Decompensated Cirrhosis: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Efremova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7513-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Maslennikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"},{"name":"The Interregional Public Organization \u201cScientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome\u201d, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Zharkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Poluektova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"},{"name":"The Interregional Public Organization \u201cScientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome\u201d, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nona","family":"Benuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Kotusov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6423-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatyana","family":"Demina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ivleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Adzhieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisiya","family":"Krylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Ivashkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-X","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis","volume":"398","author":"Krag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.015","article-title":"The Global Burden of Liver Disease","volume":"21","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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