{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:45Z","timestamp":1787028645375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether early initiation of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism is associated with improved in-hospital outcomes. A retrospective cohort was extracted from the 2016\u20132019 National Inpatient Sample database, consisting of 21,730 weighted admissions undergoing CDT acute PE. From the time of admission, the sample was divided into early (&lt;48 h) and late interventions (&gt;48 h). Outcomes were measured using regression analysis and propensity score matching. No significant differences in mortality, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, or intracranial hemorrhage (p &gt; 0.05) were found between the early and late CDT groups. Late CDT patients had a higher likelihood of receiving systemic thrombolysis (3.21 [2.18\u20134.74], p &lt; 0.01), blood transfusion (1.84 [1.41\u20132.40], p &lt; 0.01), intubation (1.33 [1.05\u20131.70], p = 0.02), discharge disposition to care facilities (1.32 [1.14\u20131.53], p &lt; 0.01). and having acute kidney injury (1.42 [1.25\u20131.61], p &lt; 0.01). Predictors of late intervention were female sex, nonwhite race, and weekend admission (p &lt; 0.01). This study represents a comprehensive evaluation of outcomes associated with the time interval for initiating CDT, revealing reduced morbidity with early intervention. Additionally, it identifies predictors associated with delayed CDT initiation. The broader ramifications of these findings, particularly in relation to hospital resource utilization and health disparities, warrant further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T03:57:29Z","timestamp":1707969449000},"page":"1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of In-Hospital Outcomes between Early and Late Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2016-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majd","family":"Alhuarrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirolos","family":"Barssoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX 77002, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0008-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medhat","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ascension Providence Southfield Campus, Southfield, MI 48075, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Mathai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Helft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Art and Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Grushko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, NYC Health + Hospitals, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhjot","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, NYC Health + Hospitals, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Jneid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX 77002, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaq","family":"Motiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX 77002, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Faillace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Sokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, NYC Health + Hospitals, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, S.S., Aday, A.W., Almarzooq, Z.I., Anderson, C.A.M., Arora, P., Avery, C.L., Baker-Smith, C.M., Barone Gibbs, B., Beaton, A.Z., and Boehme, A.K. 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