{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:42:58Z","timestamp":1785552178564,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood rosacea is a lesser known, yet significant, skin condition presenting diagnostic and treatment challenges. Although often underdiagnosed due to unclear diagnostic criteria, it manifests similarly to adult rosacea, with features such as papulopustular, telangiectasia, granulomatous, idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma, and ocular rosacea. The complex pathophysiology involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Distinguishing childhood rosacea from conditions like acne, steroid rosacea, sarcoidosis, and lupus vulgaris is crucial but complicated by the lack of established criteria. Treatment strategies, mainly extrapolated from adult management protocols, include topical therapies, systemic medications, and laser treatments, adapted for pediatric patients. Special attention is given to ocular rosacea, often preceding skin manifestations, necessitating multidisciplinary care. The review underscores the urgent need for clear diagnostic guidelines, increased awareness, and tailored pediatric treatment protocols to improve patient outcomes and mitigate the condition\u2019s evolution into adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T08:02:17Z","timestamp":1708070537000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Deciphering Childhood Rosacea: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2903-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Ri","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hei Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"Rosacea and perioral dermatitis: A single-center retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation of 1032 patients","volume":"18","author":"Hoepfner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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