{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:45Z","timestamp":1787028645356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014840","name":"Federal Joint Committee, Innovation Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01VSF18051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01VSF18051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of M\u00fcnster","award":["01VSF18051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01VSF18051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Temporary mechanical circulatory support devices (tMCS) are increasingly being used in patients with infarct-associated cardiogenic shock (AMICS). Evidence on patient selection, complications and long-term outcomes is lacking. We aim to investigate differences in clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes between patients receiving no tMCS or either intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) or Impella\u00ae for AMICS, with a particular focus on long-term outcomes. Methods: Using health claim data from AOK\u2014Die Gesundheitskasse (local health care funds), we retrospectively analysed complications and outcomes of all insured patients with AMICS between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017. Results: A total of 39,864 patients were included (IABP 5451; Impella 776; V-A ECMO 833; no tMCS 32,804). In-hospital complications, including renal failure requiring dialysis (50.3% V-A ECMO vs. 30.5% Impella vs. 29.2 IABP vs. 12.1% no tMCS), major bleeding (38.1% vs. 20.9% vs. 18.0% vs. 9.3%) and sepsis (22.5% vs. 15.9% vs. 13.9% vs. 9.3%) were more common in V-A ECMO patients. In a multivariate analysis, the use of both V-A ECMO (HR 1.57, p &lt; 0.001) and Impella (HR 1.25, p &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with long-term mortality, whereas use of IABP was not (HR 0.89, p &lt; 0.001). Kaplan\u2013Meier estimates showed better survival for patients on IABP compared with Impella, V-A ECMO and no-tMCS. Short- and long-term mortality was high across all groups. Conclusions: Our data show noticeably more in-hospital complications in patients on tMCS and higher mortality with V-A ECMO and Impella. The use of both devices is an independent risk factor for mortality, whereas the use of IABP is associated with a survival benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T03:18:38Z","timestamp":1708312718000},"page":"1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Complications and Outcomes in 39,864 Patients Receiving Standard Care Plus Mechanical Circulatory Support or Standard Care Alone for Infarct-Associated Cardiogenic Shock"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4395-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-S\u00f6ren","family":"Padberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannik","family":"Feld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of M\u00fcnster, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Padberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3640-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanette","family":"K\u00f6ppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of M\u00fcnster, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4672-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3489-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Ger\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of M\u00fcnster, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0263-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Dr\u00f6ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOK Research Institute (WIdO), AOK-Bundesverband, D-10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ruhnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOK Research Institute (WIdO), AOK-Bundesverband, D-10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"G\u00fcnster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOK Research Institute (WIdO), AOK-Bundesverband, D-10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan Andreas","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Reinecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001377","article-title":"Cardiogenic Shock Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: What\u2019s New?","volume":"53","author":"Pepe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute 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