{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:19:05Z","timestamp":1769631545214,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund","award":["SZXK043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZXK043"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund","award":["SZGSP013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZGSP013"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund","award":["SZSM201612006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201612006"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties","award":["SZXK043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZXK043"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties","award":["SZGSP013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZGSP013"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties","award":["SZSM201612006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201612006"]}]},{"name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","award":["SZXK043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZXK043"]}]},{"name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","award":["SZGSP013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZGSP013"]}]},{"name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","award":["SZSM201612006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201612006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic agents in the treatment of major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antidiabetic agents in major depressive disorder or bipolar depression were searched in three electronic databases and three clinical trial registry websites from their inception up to October 2023. The differences in changes in the depression rating scale scores from baseline to endpoint or pre-defined sessions, response rate, remission rate, rate of side effects and dropout rate between antidiabetic agents and placebo were meta-analyzed. Results: Six RCTs involving 399 participants were included in the final meta-analysis, which did not find that antidiabetics outperformed the placebo in reducing depressive symptoms. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in the depression scores from baseline to endpoint was 0.25 (95% CI \u22120.1, 0.61). However, a subgroup analysis found a significant difference between antidiabetics and placebos in reducing depressive symptoms in Middle Eastern populations, with an SMD of 0.89 (95% CI 0.44, 1.34). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis does not support the efficacy of antidiabetics being superior to the placebo in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression. However, a subgroup analysis indicates that patients from the Middle East may benefit from adding an antidiabetic medication to their ongoing medication(s) for their depression. Larger studies with good-quality study designs are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1708321196000},"page":"1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Antidiabetic Agents for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 10524 Euclid Ave, 12th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 10524 Euclid Ave, 12th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"9","author":"Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12423","article-title":"The prevalence and burden of bipolar disorder: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2013","volume":"18","author":"Ferrari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/1359786806064325","article-title":"Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of residual symptoms","volume":"20","author":"Fava","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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