{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:10:45Z","timestamp":1792242645169,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melasma is a commonly occurring pigmented skin condition that can significantly affect one\u2019s appearance, described as symmetric hyperpigmentation that presents as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on various facial areas, such as the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, and upper lip, along with the mandible and upper arms. Due to its complex pathogenesis and recurrent nature, melasma management is challenging and the outcomes following treatment are not always deemed satisfactory. Solely treating hyperpigmentation may prove ineffective unless paired with regenerative techniques and photoprotection, since one of the main reasons for recurrence is sun exposure. Hence, the treatment protocol starts with addressing risk factors, implementing stringent UV protection, and then treatment using different strategies, like applying topical treatments, employing chemical peels, laser and light therapies, microneedling, and systemic therapy. This review aims to provide a summary of the effectiveness and safety of the frequently employed laser and light therapies for treating melasma, focusing on laser therapy as a treatment for melasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T04:36:21Z","timestamp":1709526981000},"page":"1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Management of Melasma: Laser and Other Therapies\u2014Review Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badea","family":"Jiryis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel"},{"name":"Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohad","family":"Toledano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alma Lasers Ltd., Caesarea 38900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2154-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Avitan-Hersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel"},{"name":"Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9586-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Khamaysi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel"},{"name":"Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046","article-title":"Melasma: A Comprehensive Update: Part i","volume":"65","author":"Sheth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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