{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:03:26Z","timestamp":1789131806998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AstraZeneca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often part of a more complex cardiopulmonary disease, especially in older patients. The differential diagnosis of the acute exacerbation of COPD and\/or heart failure (HF) in emergency settings is challenging due to their frequent coexistence and symptom overlap. Both conditions have a detrimental impact on each other\u2019s prognosis, leading to increased mortality rates. The timely diagnosis and treatment of COPD and coexisting factors like left ventricular overload or HF in inpatient and outpatient care can improve prognosis, quality of life, and long-term outcomes, helping to avoid exacerbations and hospitalization, which increase future exacerbation risk. This work aims to address existing gaps, providing management recommendations for COPD with\/without HF, particularly when both conditions coexist. During virtual meetings, a panel of experts (the authors) discussed and reached a consensus on the differential and paired diagnosis of COPD and HF, providing suggestions for risk stratification, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate therapy for inpatients and outpatients. They emphasize that when COPD and HF are concomitant, both conditions should receive adequate treatment and that recommended HF treatments are not contraindicated in COPD and have favorable effects. Accurate diagnosis and therapy is crucial for effective treatment, reducing hospital readmissions and associated costs. The management considerations discussed in this study can potentially be extended to address other cardiopulmonary challenges frequently encountered by COPD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T12:14:40Z","timestamp":1710245680000},"page":"1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Implementation of the Care Bundle for the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with\/without Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Pneumology Clinic \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Canepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giosu\u00e8 Angelo","family":"Catapano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Monasterio Tuscany Foundation, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7349-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Marvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Pneumology, Istituto Figlie di S. Camillo, 26100 Cremona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology 1, A. De Gasperis Cardicocenter, ASST Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Passantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Scientific Clinical Institutes Maugeri, IRCCS Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5159-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Sarzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60126 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Tarsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Metropolitan Hospital Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Giovanni","family":"Versace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic \u201cGaetano Martino\u201d, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S124385","article-title":"Impact of a COPD comprehensive case management program on hospital length of stay and readmission rates","volume":"12","author":"Alshabanat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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