{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:18:59Z","timestamp":1774664339089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Alicante","award":["GRE22-05C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRE22-05C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a set of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (GS) with great psychobiological complexity. The appearance of FGIDs harms quality of life and drains medical resources. Methods: Psychometric properties of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale (GSSS) based on Rome IV criteria were examined in a sample of 1247 individuals with typical development. Observations were randomly divided into two subsets, namely, subsample 1 (n = 624) and subsample 2 (n = 623). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed with data from subsample 1, whilst confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed with data from subsample 2. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed for the whole dataset according to ordinal alpha, whilst four-week reliability was measured according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Measurement invariance as a function of sex was also examined, and discriminant\u2013convergent validity of the GSSS was examined through hypothesis testing. Results: EFA revealed a two-factor structure with a moderate percentage of explained variance (51.3%), whilst CFA exhibited an excellent fit of the data to the model. A one-factor CFA model demonstrated an acceptable but slightly lower fit. Internal consistency was moderate and test\u2013retest reliability was deemed adequate. Metric invariance was demonstrated as a function of sex. Hypothesis testing demonstrated strong convergent\u2013discriminant validity with measures of sensory sensitivity, obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms, and pain. Conclusions: The GSSS is a tool with acceptable and promising psychometric properties when administered to neurotypical adolescents and young adults. The self-report GSSS may promote better understanding of GS involvement in the gut microbiota\u2013brain axis in the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:43:08Z","timestamp":1710394988000},"page":"1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale in a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn Ernesto","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Montoro-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-Centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pediatric Service University General \u201cLos Arcos\u201d, Mar Menor, 30739 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Piqueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5685-7180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Infante-Ca\u00f1ete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Hidalgo-Berutich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9396-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00edscar","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Personality, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Teruel, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6535-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Andreo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.035","article-title":"Rome IV\u2014Functional GI Disorders: Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction","volume":"150","author":"Drossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez, A.E., and Andreo-Mart\u00ednez, P. 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