{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:16:03Z","timestamp":1774689363755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), estimating the potential risk of language dysfunction before surgery is a necessary procedure. Functional MRI (fMRI) is considered the most useful to determine language lateralization noninvasively. However, there are no standardized language fMRI protocols, and several issues remain unresolved. In particular, the language tasks normally used are predominantly active paradigms that require the overt participation of patients, making assessment difficult for pediatric patients or patients with intellectual disabilities. In this study, task-based fMRI with passive narrative listening was applied to evaluate speech comprehension to estimate language function in Japanese-speaking patients with drug-resistant TLE. Methods: Twenty-one patients (six with intellectual disabilities) participated. Patients listened to passive auditory stimuli with combinations of forward and silent playback, and forward and backward playback. The activation results were extracted using a block design, and lateralization indices were calculated. The obtained fMRI results were compared to the results of the Wada test. Results: The concordance rate between fMRI and the Wada test was 95.2%. Meaningful responses were successfully obtained even from participants with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: This passive fMRI paradigm can provide safe and easy presurgical language evaluation, particularly for individuals who may not readily engage in active paradigms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T12:02:39Z","timestamp":1710504159000},"page":"1706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Language Lateralization by Passive Auditory fMRI in Presurgical Assessment for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yoji","family":"Okahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba 290-0512, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-6246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba 290-0512, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kisarazu Epilepsy Center, Kisarazu Hospital, Chiba 292-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba 290-0512, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103201","article-title":"The role of the temporal pole in temporal lobe epilepsy: A diffusion kurtosis imaging study","volume":"36","author":"Kasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113016","article-title":"Warped rhythms: Epileptic activity during critical periods disrupts the development of neural networks for human communication","volume":"399","author":"Reh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. 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