{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:45Z","timestamp":1787028645073,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is multifactorial and diverse. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in these processes. It is suggested that inflammation may represent a novel and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to gain insight into the relationship between plasma concentrations of TNF, VEGF, IL-6, and radiological parameters of atherosclerosis progression in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Seventy clinically stable patients were included in the study group. The age range for men was no more than 50 years, while for women, it was no more than 55 years. Fasting blood samples were obtained for plasma TNF, VEGF, and IL-6 protein measurements. Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured via ELISA. Doppler ultrasound of the carotid and peripheral arteries was performed in all patients. Results: After Bonferroni correction, there were no significant correlations between any cytokine and radiological parameters of atherosclerosis progression in our patients. Conclusions: The determination of plasma TNF, IL-6, and VEGF levels may not be a reliable marker for the vascular condition, and the measurement of these cytokines in plasma cannot replace the classical radiological examination of the vessels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T04:25:15Z","timestamp":1710735915000},"page":"1742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An Evaluation of Plasma TNF, VEGF-A, and IL-6 Determination as a Risk Marker of Atherosclerotic Vascular Damage in Early-Onset CAD Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Bialecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases and Hematology, Military Medical National Research Institute, Szaser\u00f3w 128, 04-349 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Rac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violetta","family":"Dziedziejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Safranow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1561-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika Ewa","family":"Ra\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2018). 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