{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T10:27:08Z","timestamp":1785666428130,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticoagulation represents the first line treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion can be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy when anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, to avoid embolization from the lower limbs to pulmonary circulation. Other possible indications are debated among experts. Both permanent and retrievable caval filters are available in clinical practice. Retrievable filters can be removed when no longer necessary, as their use may be indicated only for a limited amount of time. Moreover, caval filter insertion is not devoid of possible complications, particularly in cases of permanent or long-dwelling filters. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to review the appropriateness of caval filter use and to define the best timing for retrieval.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T09:39:31Z","timestamp":1710841171000},"page":"1761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Clinical Review and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Tangianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Imberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz405","article-title":"2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS)","volume":"41","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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