{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:01:43Z","timestamp":1791910903210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","award":["01-10024\/0006023\/253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-10024\/0006023\/253"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The umbilicus is a fibrous remnant located in the centre of the abdomen. Various entities may be encountered in this special anatomical location; however, little is known about their dermoscopic presentation. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of existing evidence on dermoscopic features of umbilical lesions. Methods: Studies assessing dermoscopic images of umbilical lesions were included in this study. No age, ethnicity or skin phototype restrictions were applied. Papers assessing lesions outside of the umbilical area, lacking dermoscopic images and\/or dermoscopic description and not related to the topic were excluded. Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to the end of May 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the selected studies. The quality and the level of evidence of included studies were assessed according to the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence. Thirty-four studies reporting a total of 39 lesions met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative analysis. Results: A qualitative synthesis of the following entities was performed: melanoma, nevi, basal cell carcinoma, fibroepithelioma of Pinkus, Sister Mary Joseph nodule, mycosis fungoides, dermatofibroma, endometriosis, epidermal cyst, granuloma, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia, lichen planus, omphalolith, seborrheic keratosis, and syringoma. Conclusions: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that may be useful in the differential diagnosis of umbilical lesions. The main limitations of this study were lack of a high level of evidence in the studies and the lack of uniformity in applied dermoscopic terminology between included studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T09:14:33Z","timestamp":1710926073000},"page":"1790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dermoscopy of Umbilical Lesions\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-0579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"\u017b\u00f3\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"S\u0142awi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Mai\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4768-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman J.","family":"Nowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Sobjanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Lyon 1 University, 69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Lyons Cancer Research Center UMR INSERM U1052\u2013CNRS5286\u2013UCBL1, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2013.06.006","article-title":"Special locations dermoscopy: Facial, acral, and nail","volume":"31","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahmy, M. (2018). Umbilicus and Umbilical Cord, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62383-2"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e5309","article-title":"Umbilical Lesions: A Cluster of Known Unknowns and Unknown Unknowns","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00125","article-title":"Revising the JBI quantitative critical appraisal tools to improve their applicability: An overview of methods and the development process","volume":"21","author":"Barker","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Synth."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Howick, J., Chalmers, I., Glasziou, P., Greenhalgh, T., Heneghan, C., Liberati, A., Moschetti, I., Phillips, B., Thornton, H., and Goddard, O. The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2, Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Available online: https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/ocebm-levels-of-evidence."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179554921995022","DOI":"10.1177\/1179554921995022","article-title":"Benign Umbilical Tumors Resembling Sister Mary Joseph Nodule","volume":"15","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475421995781","article-title":"Sister Mary Joseph\u2019s Nodule","volume":"26","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02366.x","article-title":"Primary melanoma of the umbilicus appearing as omphalitis","volume":"32","author":"Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1413","article-title":"Rapidly involuting congenital melanocytic naevi in two children","volume":"92","author":"Drakensjo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20187324","article-title":"Case for diagnosis. Ulcerated intradermal nevus simulating Sister Mary Joseph\u2019s nodule","volume":"93","author":"Bandeira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5070\/D36JM8H8MG","article-title":"Letter: Umbilical basal cell carcinoma in a 21-year-old man: Report of an exceptional case and dermatoscopic evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Ramirez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.05.023","article-title":"A case of basal cell carcinoma arising in the umbilicus","volume":"98","author":"Takada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33128","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033128","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma of the umbilicus associated with sweat gland structures: Two case reports","volume":"102","author":"Kurosaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0602a04","article-title":"Two adjacent individual fibroepithelioma of Pinkus of the umbilicus-one pink, one pigmented-a case report and review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Inskip","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12980","article-title":"The use of dermoscopy in differentiating Sister Mary Joseph nodule and cutaneous endometriosis","volume":"60","author":"Buljan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12409","article-title":"A Sister Mary Joseph nodule with novel dermoscopic features","volume":"57","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"511","article-title":"Dermoscopic Features of Sister Mary Joseph Nodule","volume":"106","year":"2015","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsi.2016.03.001","article-title":"Dermoscopic characterization and image study of a Sister Mary Joseph nodule in a patient with esophageal cancer","volume":"34","author":"Ge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.11.020","article-title":"Dermoscopy of a Sister Mary Joseph nodule","volume":"68","author":"Mun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.04.008","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides mimicking a nodule of Sister Mary Joseph","volume":"25","author":"Belcadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e589","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16455","article-title":"The peculiar dermoscopic features of primary umbilical endometriosis","volume":"34","author":"Bonne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05854.x","article-title":"Cutaneous endometriosis: Dermoscopic findings related to phases of the female hormonal cycle","volume":"53","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"01","article-title":"The Importance of Dermoscopy in Umbilical Tumor","volume":"2","author":"Couto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Case Rep. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01194.x","article-title":"Cutaneous endometriosis: Non-invasive analysis by epiluminescence microscopy","volume":"28","author":"Massi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962013000100019","article-title":"Umbilical endometriosis: Report of a case and its dermoscopic features","volume":"88","author":"Jaime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"242","article-title":"Primary Umbilical Endometriosis: A Case Report","volume":"28","author":"Levakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13437","article-title":"Dermoscopy findings of umbilical endometriosis","volume":"62","author":"Sandoval","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"e2022023","article-title":"Umbilical Endometriosis: A New Dermoscopic Pattern","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1039239","article-title":"Endometriose des Bauchnabels","volume":"69","author":"Wobser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"360","article-title":"Dermoscopy of an uncommon lesion in the umbilicus","volume":"6","author":"Siebel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13774","article-title":"Dermoscopic findings of umbilical granuloma","volume":"36","author":"Argenziano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_171_20","article-title":"Dermatoscopy of Umbilical Granuloma","volume":"13","author":"Jassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resuello, T.E., and Ang-Tiu, C.M. (2022). Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia Mimicking Sister Mary Joseph Nodule in a Patient with Ovarian Carcinoma: A Case Report. Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1805656\/v1"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.09.022","article-title":"Umbilical lichen planus induced by nivolumab","volume":"98","author":"Llado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anais Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5603\/FD.a2023.0014","article-title":"Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus limited to the umbilicus\u2014A case report with dermoscopic findings","volume":"9","author":"Kosior","year":"2023","journal-title":"Forum Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22641","DOI":"10.5070\/D3205022641","article-title":"Omphalolith: A rare entity but important to recognize","volume":"20","author":"Gallouj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6443","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6443","article-title":"Omphalolith: An underdiagnosed entity","volume":"10","author":"Jouini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"01","article-title":"Atypical Seborrheic Keratosis of the Umbilicus","volume":"8","author":"Hamich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Image Libr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2020.32.5.434","article-title":"Syringoma Localized to the Umbilicus","volume":"32","author":"Nam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10612.x","article-title":"Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus is a true basal cell carcinoma developing in association with a newly identified tumour-specific type of epidermal hyperplasia","volume":"166","author":"Sellheyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"451","article-title":"Rak podstawnokom\u00f3rkowy powsta\u0142y na pod\u0142o\u017cu olbrzymiego w\u0142\u00f3kniaka twardego","volume":"105","author":"Biernat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rev. Przegl\u0105d Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2007.8","article-title":"Dermoscopy of dermatofibromas: A prospective morphological study of 412 cases","volume":"144","author":"Zaballos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12308","article-title":"Usefulness of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of epidermal cyst: The \u2018pore\u2019 sign","volume":"39","author":"Ghigliotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_193_19","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Syingoma","volume":"11","author":"Kalantri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.038","article-title":"Standardization of terminology in dermoscopy\/dermatoscopy: Results of the third consensus conference of the International Society of Dermoscopy","volume":"74","author":"Kittler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/6\/1790\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:16:42Z","timestamp":1760105802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/6\/1790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13061790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13061790","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]}}}