{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:36:42Z","timestamp":1784299002024,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This retrospective chart review compared the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) among photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) alongside changes in spherical equivalent (SEQ) and corneal shape (Q-value). Methods: Analyzing 371 myopic eyes, including 154 LASIK, 173 PRK, and 44 SMILE cases, Pentacam imaging was utilized pre-operatively and at one-year post-operative visits. Results: All procedures resulted in 100% of patients achieving an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20\/40 or better, with 87% of LASIK and PRK, and 91% of SMILE patients having 20\/20 or better. Significant increases in HOAs were observed across all procedures (p &lt; 0.05), correlating positively with SEQ and Q-value changes (LASIK (0.686, p &lt; 0.05), followed by PRK (0.4503, p &lt; 0.05), and SMILE (0.386, p &lt; 0.05)). Vertical coma and spherical aberration (SA) were the primary factors for heightened aberration magnitude among the procedures (p &lt; 0.05), with the largest contribution in SMILE, which is likely attributed to the centration at the corneal apex. Notably, PRK showed insignificant changes in vertical coma (\u22120.197 \u00b5m \u00b1 0.0168 to \u22120.192 \u00b5m \u00b1 0.0198, p = 0.78), with an increase in oblique trefoil (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: These findings underscore differences in HOAs among PRK, LASIK, and SMILE, helping to guide clinicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T11:05:33Z","timestamp":1711451133000},"page":"1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations after Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, Photorefractive Keratectomy, and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction with Correlations to Change in Myopic Q-Value and Spherical Equivalent with and without Astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Moshirfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"},{"name":"John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"},{"name":"Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT 84107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Omidvarnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7538-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiden B.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh S.","family":"Theis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella M.","family":"Stoakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"},{"name":"School of Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA 98901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carter J.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/01.APO.0000580132.98159.fa","article-title":"History and Results; Indications and Contraindications of SMILE Compared with LASIK","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. 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