{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:55:58Z","timestamp":1760144158832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Diabetes Society (SED)","award":["PC-2020-13146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC-2020-13146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: To evaluate the metabolic and clinical outcomes in the Spanish type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) population before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in Spanish public hospitals previously enrolled in the SED1 study. Adults and children with T1D were included and their clinical electronic records were reviewed. Clinical, laboratory, and glucometric parameters from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data corresponding to the periods before and after administering the first COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. Results: A total of 26 centers and 228 patients participated in this new phase of the SED1 study and 187 were finally evaluable (mean age 37.5 \u00b1 15.6 years, 56.7% women). Overall, 94.6% of the sample was vaccinated, and this percentage increased with higher levels of education (p-value = 0.027). In the pre- and post-vaccination periods, respectively, the number of patients with acute hyperglycemic decompensation was 6\/161 (3.7%) and 7\/161 (4.3%) (p = 1) and with acute hypoglycemic decompensation was 6\/161 (3.7%) and 6\/161 (3.7%) (p = 1). The HbA1c level was lower in the post-vaccination period(mean \u00b1 SD, mg\/dL): pre-vaccination 7.4 \u00b1 0.9; post-vaccination 7.2 \u00b1 1.0, (\u22120.19; p-value = 0.0006). A total of 31.9% of patients (95% CI: 24.7\u201339.7) in the pre-vaccination period and 45.0% (IC95%: 37.1\u201353.1) in the post-vaccine period had HbA1c &lt; 7% (p-value &lt; 0.001). Glucometrics from CGM data also showed numerical improvements post-vaccination. Conclusions: The COVID-19 vaccination was highly accepted in the Spanish T1D population, with hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine being higher in those with lower educational levels. A mildly better glycemic control was observed in the post-vaccination period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T11:34:58Z","timestamp":1711452898000},"page":"1922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic and Clinical Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes in the COVID-19 Pre- and Post-Vaccination Periods in Spain: The COVID-SED1 Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0106-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"G\u00f3mez-Peralta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital General de Segovia, 40002 Segovia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9548-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edelmiro","family":"Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Salud de Barbastro, 22300 Huesca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Abell\u00e1n-Galiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General Universitari de Castell\u00f3, 12004 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 12006 Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5567-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Bel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Comunicaci\u00f3n y Psicolog\u00eda Social, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5528-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Endocrinolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"SED1 Study Investigators, Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Diabetes\u2014SED, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomber, A., Ward, Z.J., Ross, C., Owais, M., Mita, C., Yeh, J.M., Reddy, C.L., and Atun, R. 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