{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T04:17:56Z","timestamp":1780719476241,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study reviews the surgical and functional outcomes of children diagnosed with a bilateral cleft lip and palate and treated by the same surgical team following specific surgical protocols 18 years after surgery and during the follow-up. Methods: Based on a single-center retrospective design, demographic and surgical data were gathered by the authors from international institutions. Most of the data were quantitative in nature, and descriptive statistical and non-parametric tests were employed for analysis. All children born with a bilateral cleft from 1982 to 2002 were considered. Children affected by a syndrome were excluded. Complications and speech results were the main items measured. Results: Thirty patients were selected; 73.3% were treated using the inverse Malek procedure, and 26.7% underwent a modified two-stage procedure. Seventy percent developed an oronasal fistula. An alveolar bone graft was performed in 83%, and 53.3% underwent Le Fort osteotomy. Thirty-six percent required a pharyngeal flap, with good speech results. The median number of times general anesthesia was used among all the interventions considered was 5.5 (4.25\u20136). Conclusions: This study presents the long-term results of using the inverse Malek procedure to treat children with a bilateral cleft lip and palate. It is shown that this is related to a high risk of developing a fistula, but has good long-term speech results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T12:41:57Z","timestamp":1711543317000},"page":"1939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["What We Learned from Performing the Inverse Malek Procedure to Repair Bilateral Cleft Lips and Palates: A Single-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Al-Dourobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Mermod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children and Adolescent Surgery Department, Multidisciplinary Consultations of Facial Cleft, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children and Adolescent Surgery Department, Multidisciplinary Consultations of Facial Cleft, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Broome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children and Adolescent Surgery Department, Multidisciplinary Consultations of Facial Cleft, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumama","family":"El Ezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children and Adolescent Surgery Department, Multidisciplinary Consultations of Facial Cleft, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"de Buys Roessingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children and Adolescent Surgery Department, Multidisciplinary Consultations of Facial Cleft, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e348465","article-title":"Orofacial Clefts: A Worldwide Review of the Problem","volume":"2013","author":"Agbenorku","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Plast. 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