{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T19:18:15Z","timestamp":1787685495749,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has induced profound societal and healthcare transformations globally. Material and methods: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to assess potential shifts in the epidemiology and management of oromaxillofacial trauma requiring surgical intervention over a 1-year period encompassing the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to the preceding year. The parameters investigated included age, sex, injury mechanisms, fractured bones, and treatment modalities. The statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: A notable 39.36% reduction in oromaxillofacial fractures was identified (p &lt; 0.001), with no significant alterations in sex distribution, types of fractured bones, or treatment modalities. An appreciable increase in mean age was observed (35.92 vs. 40.26) (p = 0.006). Analysis of the causes of oromaxillofacial trauma revealed diminished incidents of interpersonal violence (41% vs. 35%) and sports-related injuries (14% vs. 8%), alongside an escalation in cases attributed to falls (27% vs. 35%), precipitation events (2% vs. 5%), and traffic accidents (12% vs. 13%). The mandible emerged as the most frequently fractured bone. Conclusion: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased the number of maxillofacial fractures treated surgically and has changed the epidemiology and the etiology of facial traumas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T12:41:57Z","timestamp":1711543317000},"page":"1947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic Trends in Surgical Oromaxillofacial Trauma Epidemiology: A Comparative Study of Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 Periods in Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Madrid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7432-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Sada-Urmeneta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3329-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Tousidonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Navarro-Cuellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Ochandiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1890-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Navarro-Cuellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Khayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Ruiz-de-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Benito-Anguita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Alvarez-Mokthari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Olavarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9667-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"Sanchez-Aniceto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9697-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Herrero-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3582-7177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"de la Sen-Corcuera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Simon-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3341-976X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Aragon-Ni\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, 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