{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:03:13Z","timestamp":1790301793134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project PID2022-142418OB-C21","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER"]}]},{"name":"UE","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Exercise has shown beneficial effects on neuronal neuroplasticity; therefore, we want to analyze the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on neuroplasticity markers in post-stroke patients. Methods: A systematic review of RCTs including studies with stroke participants was conducted using the following databases (PubMed, LILACS, ProQuest, PEDro, Web of Science). Searches lasted till (20\/11\/2023). Studies that used a HIIT protocol as the main treatment or as a coadjutant treatment whose outcomes were neural plasticity markers were used and compared with other exercise protocols, controls or other kinds of treatment. Studies that included other neurological illnesses, comorbidities that interfere with stroke or patients unable to complete a HIIT protocol were excluded. HIIT protocol, methods to assess intensity, neuroplasticity markers (plasmatic and neurophysiological) and other types of assessments such as cognitive scales were extracted to make a narrative synthesis. Jadad and PEDro scales were used to assess bias. Results: Eight articles were included, one included lacunar stroke (less than 3 weeks) and the rest had chronic stroke. The results found here indicate that HIIT facilitates neuronal recovery in response to an ischemic injury. This type of training increases the plasma concentrations of lactate, BDNF and VEGF, which are neurotrophic and growth factors involved in neuroplasticity. HIIT also positively regulates other neurophysiological measurements that are directly associated with a better outcome in motor learning tasks. Conclusions: We conclude that HIIT improves post-stroke recovery by increasing neuroplasticity markers. However, a limited number of studies have been found indicating that future studies are needed that assess this effect and include the analysis of the number of intervals and their duration in order to maximize this effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T11:11:09Z","timestamp":1712229069000},"page":"1985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training on Neuroplasticity Markers in Post-Stroke Patients: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1206-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gines","family":"Montero-Almagro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Bernal-Utrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Geribaldi-Dold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Nunez-Abades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6802-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Area of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8674-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleofas","family":"Rodriguez-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca","article-title":"An Updated Definition of Stroke for the 21st Century: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"44","author":"Sacco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"9708905","article-title":"Brain Functional Reserve in the Context of Neuroplasticity after Stroke","volume":"2019","author":"Czajka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140307","article-title":"Functional Recovery of Cortical Neurons as Related to Degree and Duration of Ischemia","volume":"14","author":"Heiss","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. 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