{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:44:50Z","timestamp":1791830690966,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Zielona Gora","award":["2023\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anemia is a common hematological disorder that affects 12% of the community-dwelling population, 40% of hospitalized patients, and 47% of nursing home residents. Our understanding of the impact of inflammation on iron metabolism and erythropoiesis is still lacking. In older adults, anemia can be divided into nutritional deficiency anemia, bleeding anemia, and unexplained anemia. The last type of anemia might be caused by reduced erythropoietin (EPO) activity, progressive EPO resistance of bone marrow erythroid progenitors, and the chronic subclinical pro-inflammatory state. Overall, one-third of older patients with anemia demonstrate a nutritional deficiency, one-third have a chronic subclinical pro-inflammatory state and chronic kidney disease, and one-third suffer from anemia of unknown etiology. Understanding anemia\u2019s pathophysiology in people aged 65 and over is crucial because it contributes to frailty, falls, cognitive decline, decreased functional ability, and higher mortality risk. Inflammation produces adverse effects on the cells of the hematological system. These effects include iron deficiency (hypoferremia), reduced EPO production, and the elevated phagocytosis of erythrocytes by hepatic and splenic macrophages. Additionally, inflammation causes enhanced eryptosis due to oxidative stress in the circulation. Identifying mechanisms behind age-related inflammation is essential for a better understanding and preventing anemia in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T10:58:31Z","timestamp":1712055511000},"page":"2049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Anemia and Its Connections to Inflammation in Older Adults: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4092-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eryk","family":"Wacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6563-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Nicikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5645-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Jarmuzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7596-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zembron-Lacny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1812","article-title":"Prevalence of Anemia in Persons 65 Years and Older in the United States: Evidence for a High Rate of Unexplained Anemia","volume":"104","author":"Guralnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10053","article-title":"Molecular and Biological Hallmarks of Ageing","volume":"103","author":"Aunan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO Scientific Group on Nutritional Anaemias, and World Health Organization (1968). Nutritional Anaemias: Report of a WHO Scientific Group [Meeting Held in Geneva from 13 to 17 March 1967]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-012-1007-z","article-title":"Anemia and Mortality in Older Persons: Does the Type of Anemia Affect Survival?","volume":"95","author":"Shavelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-3046","article-title":"The Definition of Anemia: What Is the Lower Limit of Normal of the Blood Hemoglobin Concentration?","volume":"107","author":"Beutler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.19.2214","article-title":"A Prospective Study of Anemia Status, Hemoglobin Concentration, and Mortality in an Elderly Cohort: The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"165","author":"Zakai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3841","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-10-4308","article-title":"Impact of Anemia on Hospitalization and Mortality in Older Adults","volume":"107","author":"Culleton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.195552","article-title":"Association of Anemia with Health-Related Quality of Life and Survival: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"104","author":"Wouters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teissier, T., Boulanger, E., and Cox, L.S. (2022). Interconnections between Inflammageing and Immunosenescence during Ageing. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030359"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brognara, L., Luna, O.C., Traina, F., and Cauli, O. (2024). Inflammatory Biomarkers and Gait Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031368"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2014.04.005","article-title":"Anemia of Inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Nemeth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hematol.\/Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.017","article-title":"Inflammation, Aging, and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"79","author":"Liberale","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaskell, H., Derry, S., Andrew Moore, R., and McQuay, H.J. (2008). Prevalence of Anaemia in Older Persons: Systematic Review. BMC Geriatr., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-1"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Prevalence and Possible Causes of Anemia in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Large European University Hospital Cohort","volume":"9","author":"Bach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0490-5","article-title":"Prevalence of Anemia and Malnutrition and Their Association in Elderly Nursing Home Residents","volume":"28","author":"Sahin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12966","article-title":"Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Older Portuguese Adults: An EMPIRE Substudy","volume":"17","author":"Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.11.001","article-title":"Prevalence of Anemia in Hospitalized Internal Medicine Patients: Correlations with Comorbidities and Length of Hospital Stay","volume":"51","author":"Zaninetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13840","article-title":"Pre-Operative Haemoglobin Levels and Iron Status in a Large Multicentre Cohort of Patients Undergoing Major Elective Surgery","volume":"72","author":"Cadellas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2004.03.006","article-title":"Prevalence of Anemia in Skilled-Nursing Home Residents","volume":"39","author":"Artz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-015-1197-5","article-title":"Anemia in Elderly Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence and Clinical Impact","volume":"10","author":"Poggiali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02566.x","article-title":"Anaemia Is Highly Prevalent among Unselected Internal Medicine Inpatients and Is Associated with Increased Mortality, Earlier Readmission and More Prolonged Hospital Stay: An Observational Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"42","author":"Nathavitharana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041809","article-title":"Anemia of Chronic Disease","volume":"352","author":"Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002042","article-title":"Kidney Function and Markers of Inflammation in Elderly Persons without Chronic Kidney Disease: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study","volume":"71","author":"Keller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2008.06.006","article-title":"Epidemiology of Anemia in Older Adults","volume":"45","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-746446","article-title":"Anemia at Older Age: Etiologies, Clinical Implications, and Management","volume":"131","author":"Stauder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0183-6","article-title":"The Genetics of Human Ageing","volume":"21","author":"Melzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00695","article-title":"Crosstalk of Genetic Variants, Allele-Specific DNA Methylation, and Environmental Factors for Complex Disease Risk","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgv031","article-title":"Causes of Genome Instability: The Effect of Low Dose Chemical Exposures in Modern Society","volume":"36","author":"Langie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0752rev","article-title":"Oxidative DNA Damage: Mechanisms, Mutation, and Disease","volume":"17","author":"Cooke","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Y., Giunta, S., and Xia, S. (2022). Hypoxia in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158165"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2019.102673","article-title":"Inflammation-Induced DNA Damage, Mutations and Cancer","volume":"83","author":"Kay","year":"2019","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768098","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.768098","article-title":"Cancer Evo-Dev: A Theory of Inflammation-Induced Oncogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan4673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4673","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis in Human Aging and Disease","volume":"366","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04786-y","article-title":"Clonal Dynamics of Haematopoiesis across the Human Lifespan","volume":"606","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morganti, C., and Ito, K. (2021). Mitochondrial Contributions to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011117"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00208-x","article-title":"Poor Mitochondrial Health and Systemic Inflammation? Test of a Classic Hypothesis in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"42","author":"Zampino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypoxia and Aging","volume":"51","author":"Yeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0227-y","article-title":"Cellular Adaptation to Hypoxia through Hypoxia Inducible Factors and Beyond","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00161-15","article-title":"Hypoxia Signaling Cascade for Erythropoietin Production in Hepatocytes","volume":"35","author":"Tojo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8426874","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8426874","article-title":"An Update on Inflamm-Aging: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment","volume":"2016","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057","article-title":"Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging) and Its Potential Contribution to Age-Associated Diseases","volume":"69","author":"Franceschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wawrzyniak-Gramacka, E., Hertmanowska, N., Tylutka, A., Morawin, B., Wacka, E., Gutowicz, M., and Zembron-Lacny, A. (2021). The Association of Anti-Inflammatory Diet Ingredients and Lifestyle Exercise with Inflammaging. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113696"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-015-0377-3","article-title":"Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: The Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity","volume":"64","author":"Minciullo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00253-18","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00253-18","article-title":"Hepcidin Protects against Lethal Escherichia Coli Sepsis in Mice Inoculated with Isolates from Septic Patients","volume":"86","author":"Stefanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-772715","article-title":"Endogenous Hepcidin and Its Agonist Mediate Resistance to Selected Infections by Clearing Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron","volume":"130","author":"Stefanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000243791","article-title":"The Role of Hepcidin in Iron Metabolism","volume":"122","author":"Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7806","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008922200","article-title":"Hepcidin, a Urinary Antimicrobial Peptide Synthesized in the Liver","volume":"276","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.068825","article-title":"Plasma Hepcidin Levels and Anemia in Old Age. The Leiden 85-Plus Study","volume":"98","author":"Wiegerinck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.01.003","article-title":"The Iron Exporter Ferroportin\/Slc40a1 Is Essential for Iron Homeostasis","volume":"1","author":"Donovan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104742","article-title":"Hepcidin Regulates Cellular Iron Efflux by Binding to Ferroportin and Inducing Its Internalization","volume":"306","author":"Nemeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1804281","article-title":"Anemia of Inflammation","volume":"381","author":"Ganz","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wacka, E., Wawrzyniak-Gramacka, E., Tylutka, A., Morawin, B., Gutowicz, M., and Zembron-Lacny, A. (2023). The Role of Inflammation in Age-Associated Changes in Red Blood System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108944"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-201087","article-title":"Proinflammatory State, Hepcidin, and Anemia in Older Persons","volume":"115","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.08.006","article-title":"Serum Levels of the Hepcidin-20 Isoform in a Large General Population: The Val Borbera Study","volume":"76","author":"Campostrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-337907","article-title":"Serum Hepcidin: Reference Ranges and Biochemical Correlates in the General Population","volume":"117","author":"Galesloot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405016","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/405016","article-title":"Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine-Mediated Anemia: Regarding Molecular Mechanisms of Erythropoiesis","volume":"2009","author":"Morceau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0245-x","article-title":"Sphingolipid-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling Leading to Autophagy Inhibition Converts Erythropoiesis to Myelopoiesis in Human Hematopoietic Stem\/Progenitor Cells","volume":"26","author":"Orsini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-315218","article-title":"Chronic IFN-\u03b3 Production in Mice Induces Anemia by Reducing Erythrocyte Life Span and Inhibiting Erythropoiesis through an IRF-1\/PU.1 Axis","volume":"118","author":"Libregts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041500109","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Erythroid Colony-Forming Units by Interleukin-1 Is Mediated by Gamma Interferon","volume":"150","author":"Means","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.10.2564.2564","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Erythroid Colony-Forming Units by Gamma Interferon Can Be Corrected by Recombinant Human Erythropoietin","volume":"78","author":"Means","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006143222401","article-title":"Decreased Erythropoietin Response in Patients with the Anemia of Cancer","volume":"322","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4824","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.11.4824.bloodjournal87114824","article-title":"Defective Iron Supply for Erythropoiesis and Adequate Endogenous Erythropoietin Production in the Anemia Associated with Systemic-Onset Juvenile Chronic Arthritis","volume":"87","author":"Cazzola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.suppl_11.39","article-title":"Erythropoietin Resistance: The Role of Inflammation and pro-Inflammatory Cytokines","volume":"17","author":"Macdougall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000438870","article-title":"Minor Elevation in C-Reactive Protein Levels Predicts Incidence of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness among Hemodialysis Patients","volume":"131","author":"Kimachi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170396","article-title":"Iron Modulation of Erythropoiesis Is Associated with Scribble-Mediated Control of the Erythropoietin Receptor","volume":"215","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00560","article-title":"Klotho, Aging, and the Failing Kidney","volume":"11","author":"Buchanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1079","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Klotho: From Gene to Function in Aging","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, C., Chen, X., and Zheng, D. (2023). Association between Anemia and Serum Klotho in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. BMC Nephrol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03081-w"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.11.016","article-title":"Klotho Deficiency Disrupts Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development and Erythropoiesis","volume":"184","author":"Coe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"sfad276","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad276","article-title":"Klotho: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Aging and Neurodegeneration beyond Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014A Comprehensive Review from the ERA CKD-MBD Working Group","volume":"17","author":"Kanbay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2014.14","article-title":"Fibrosis and Renal Aging","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsiftsoglou, A.S. (2021). Erythropoietin (EPO) as a Key Regulator of Erythropoiesis, Bone Remodeling and Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Implications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082140"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53416.x","article-title":"Serum Erythropoietin and Aging: A Longitudinal Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Ershler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"563251","article-title":"Management of Anemia of Inflammation in the Elderly","volume":"2012","author":"Madeddu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20644","article-title":"Use of Breath Carbon Monoxide Measurements to Assess Erythrocyte Survival in Subjects with Chronic Diseases","volume":"81","author":"Mitlyng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.187","article-title":"Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis","volume":"75","author":"Correll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-255174","article-title":"Sustained IL-4 Exposure Leads to a Novel Pathway for Hemophagocytosis, Inflammation, and Tissue Macrophage Accumulation","volume":"116","author":"Milner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1971.tb03424.x","article-title":"The Anaemia of Chronic Disorders","volume":"21","author":"Cartwright","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103500","article-title":"Radioactive Iron Metabolism and Erythrocyte Survival Studies of the Mechanism of the Anemia Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Freireich","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.002","article-title":"Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Vascular Responses to Inflammation","volume":"52","author":"Kvietys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orrico, F., Laurance, S., Lopez, A.C., Lefevre, S.D., Thomson, L., M\u00f6ller, M.N., and Ostuni, M.A. (2023). Oxidative Stress in Healthy and Pathological Red Blood Cells. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13081262"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology30030026","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Red Blood Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes and Its Complications","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barshtein, G. (2022). Biochemical and Biophysical Properties of Red Blood Cells in Disease. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12070923"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"59","article-title":"Oxidative Injury as Contributory Factor for Red Cells Storage Lesion during Twenty Eight Days of Storage","volume":"10","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00656","article-title":"Squeezing for Life\u2014Properties of Red Blood Cell Deformability","volume":"9","author":"Huisjes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ammendolia, D.A., Bement, W.M., and Brumell, J.H. (2021). Plasma Membrane Integrity: Implications for Health and Disease. BMC Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-021-00972-y"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4","article-title":"Multimorbidity","volume":"8","author":"Skou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinmeyer, Z., Delpierre, C., Soriano, G., Steinmeyer, A., Ysebaert, L., Balardy, L., and Sourdet, S. (2020). Hemoglobin Concentration; a Pathway to Frailty. BMC Geriatr., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01597-6"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.05.013","article-title":"Disease-Related Malnutrition with Inflammation and Cachexia","volume":"42","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.004","article-title":"ESPEN Guidelines on Definitions and Terminology of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36","author":"Cederholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alghareeb, S.A., Alfhili, M.A., and Fatima, S. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Significance of Eryptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065079"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14606","article-title":"Oxidative Stress, Eryptosis and Anemia: A Pivotal Mechanistic Nexus in Systemic Diseases","volume":"286","author":"Bissinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015121308","article-title":"Renal Aging: Causes and Consequences","volume":"28","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842024","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.842024","article-title":"Understanding the Unique Microenvironment in the Aging Liver","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.02.003","article-title":"The Aging Kidney Revisited: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Bolignano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-746396","article-title":"DNA Damage Responses and P53 in the Aging Process","volume":"131","author":"Ou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841796","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2022.841796","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis Analyses in Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Genetic Aging Studies to Unravel Underlying Mechanisms of Age-Related Dysfunction in Humans","volume":"3","author":"Walsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2819-2","article-title":"Inherited Causes of Clonal Haematopoiesis in 97,691 Whole Genomes","volume":"586","author":"Bick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01121-z","article-title":"Genome-Wide Analyses of 200,453 Individuals Yield New Insights into the Causes and Consequences of Clonal Hematopoiesis","volume":"54","author":"Kar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoermann, G. (2022). Clinical Significance of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential in Hematology and Cardiovascular Disease. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071613"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701719","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"377","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26915","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Clonal Cytopenias of Undetermined Significance: 2023 Update on Clinical Associations and Management Recommendations","volume":"98","author":"Mangaonkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00502","article-title":"Inflamm-Aging of Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment","volume":"7","author":"Kovtonyuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.-Y., Yoo, D.-M., Min, C., and Choi, H.-G. (2021). Association between Osteoporosis and Low Hemoglobin Levels: A Nested Case\u2013Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168598"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-1989-9611","article-title":"Age-Dependent Changes in Human Erythrocyte Properties","volume":"9","author":"Fedele","year":"2016","journal-title":"CH"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E18-06-0362","article-title":"Spatial Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton by HSF-1 during Aging","volume":"29","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBoC"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2018.03.004","article-title":"Cytoskeleton Remodeling Induces Membrane Stiffness and Stability Changes of Maturing Reticulocytes","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1159\/000478769","article-title":"Spectrin and Other Membrane-Skeletal Components in Human Red Blood Cells of Different Age","volume":"42","author":"Ciana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.J., Cho, M.J., Yu, W.D., Kim, M.J., Kim, S.Y., and Lee, J.H. (2022). Links of Cytoskeletal Integrity with Disease and Aging. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182896"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30322","article-title":"Band 3 Protein Function and Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes","volume":"236","author":"Remigante","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.64","article-title":"Chapter 1: Definition and Classification of CKD","volume":"3","author":"Levin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89442-7","article-title":"Distribution of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Determinants of Its Age Dependent Loss in a German Population-Based Study","volume":"11","author":"Waas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac240","article-title":"Prevalence of Anaemia in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Representative Sample of the United States Population: Analysis of the 1999\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"16","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stauffer, M.E., and Fan, T. (2014). Prevalence of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084943"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944716634579","article-title":"Multiple Medication (Polypharmacy) and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Aged 60 and Older: A Pharmacoepidemiologic Perspective","volume":"10","author":"Sutaria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200217666160406115959","article-title":"Medication-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Older Patients","volume":"17","author":"Fusco","year":"2016","journal-title":"CDM"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-017-0484-4","article-title":"Drug-Induced Kidney Injury in the Elderly","volume":"34","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.10.1055","article-title":"Fluid and Electrolytes in the Aged","volume":"138","author":"Luckey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.03.003","article-title":"Disturbances of Thirst and Fluid Balance Associated with Aging","volume":"178","author":"Begg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101408","article-title":"Haemodynamic Frailty\u2014A Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Injury in the Elderly","volume":"70","author":"Docherty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.030","article-title":"Hyperosmolar Dehydration: A Predictor of Kidney Injury and Outcome in Hospitalised Older Adults","volume":"39","author":"Devonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-433201","article-title":"Why Not the Liver Instead of the Kidney?","volume":"120","author":"Fandrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2012.12.003","article-title":"Regulation of Erythropoiesis by Hypoxia-Inducible Factors","volume":"27","author":"Haase","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021060774","article-title":"Association of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential with Worse Kidney Function and Anemia in Two Cohorts of Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"33","author":"Vlasschaert","year":"2022","journal-title":"JASN"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takata, T., Mae, Y., Yamada, K., Taniguchi, S., Hamada, S., Yamamoto, M., Iyama, T., and Isomoto, H. (2021). Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated with Erythropoietin Response in Hemodialysis Patients. BMC Nephrol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02346-6"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0342","article-title":"Activation of the Erythropoietin Receptor in Human Skeletal Muscle","volume":"161","author":"Rundqvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202511","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2202511","article-title":"Additive Effect of Sarcopenia and Anemia on the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2022","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111379","article-title":"Associations between Hemoglobin Levels and Sarcopenia and Its Components: Results from the I-Lan Longitudinal Study","volume":"150","author":"Tseng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw055","article-title":"Low Hemoglobin Concentrations Are Associated with Sarcopenia, Physical Performance, and Disability in Older Australian Men in Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project","volume":"71","author":"Hirani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerona"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.30","article-title":"Thyroid Dysfunction in the Elderly","volume":"9","author":"Boelaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292574","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/292574","article-title":"The Role of the Multiple Hormonal Dysregulation in the Onset of \u201cAnemia of Aging\u201d: Focus on Testosterone, IGF-1, and Thyroid Hormones","volume":"2015","author":"Maggio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00229","article-title":"Testosterone Therapy in Men with Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"103","author":"Bhasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00754","article-title":"Androgens and Anemia: Current Trends and Future Prospects","volume":"10","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr288","article-title":"Testosterone Deficiency Is a Cause of Anaemia and Reduced Responsiveness to Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Men with Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"27","author":"Carrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2022.2139838","article-title":"Impact of Radiation Therapy on Biological Parameters in Cancer Patients: Sub-Analysis from the RIT Prospective Epidemiological Study","volume":"41","author":"Daguenet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Investig."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.-R., Lee, J.-H., Heo, H.-R., Yang, S.-R., Ha, K.-S., Park, W.S., Han, E.-T., Song, H., and Hong, S.-H. (2016). Improved Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathway. Cell Biosci., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-016-0111-9"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4370-6","article-title":"Estrogen Potentiates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Tolerance to Initiate Carcinogenesis and Promote Cancer Malignant Transformation","volume":"37","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guajardo-Correa, E., Silva-Ag\u00fcero, J.F., Calle, X., Chiong, M., Henr\u00edquez, M., Garc\u00eda-Rivas, G., Latorre, M., and Parra, V. (2022). Estrogen Signaling as a Bridge between the Nucleus and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.968373"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12932","article-title":"Oestrogen Increases Haematopoietic Stem-Cell Self-Renewal in Females and during Pregnancy","volume":"505","author":"Nakada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6757524","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6757524","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in Older Age","volume":"2019","author":"Dumic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab193","article-title":"Associations of Atrophic Gastritis and Proton-Pump Inhibitor Drug Use with Vitamin B-12 Status, and the Impact of Fortified Foods, in Older Adults","volume":"114","author":"Porter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13700","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13700","article-title":"A Gut-Centric View of Aging: Do Intestinal Epithelial Cells Contribute to Age-Associated Microbiota Changes, Inflammaging, and Immunosenescence?","volume":"21","author":"Hohman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CGast.S38454","DOI":"10.4137\/CGast.S38454","article-title":"Elderly Onset Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review","volume":"9","author":"Cappello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-022-00397-8","article-title":"Celiac Disease in the Elderly","volume":"20","author":"Ching","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Gastro"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11412820","article-title":"Management of Colonic Diverticular Disease with Poorly Absorbed Antibiotics and Other Therapies","volume":"4","author":"Lanas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i22.3400","article-title":"Epidemiology of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth","volume":"29","author":"Efremova","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i3.777","article-title":"Anemia in Cirrhosis: An Underestimated Entity","volume":"10","author":"Manrai","year":"2022","journal-title":"WJCC"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2016.1143563","article-title":"Hepatic Erythropoietin Response in Cirrhosis. A Contemporary Review","volume":"76","author":"Fenger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00605-x","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome as a Modulator of Healthy Ageing","volume":"19","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2509-x","article-title":"Mechanisms and Consequences of Intestinal Dysbiosis","volume":"74","author":"Weiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57106-2","article-title":"Intestinal Barrier Function Is Maintained with Aging\u2014A Comprehensive Study in Healthy Subjects and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients","volume":"10","author":"Wilms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-708594","article-title":"Antibiotics Impair Murine Hematopoiesis by Depleting the Intestinal Microbiota","volume":"129","author":"Josefsdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Tian, Y., Yuan, Z., Zeng, Y., Wang, S., Fan, X., Yang, D., and Yang, M. (2022). Iron Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073612"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006816","article-title":"The Bacterial Microbiota Regulates Normal Hematopoiesis via Metabolite-Induced Type 1 Interferon Signaling","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-574392","article-title":"The Human Microbiome in Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Disorders","volume":"126","author":"Manzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-020-00811-w","article-title":"Understanding the Effects of Dietary Components on the Gut Microbiome and Human Health","volume":"29","author":"Rackerby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.01.009","article-title":"A Microbiome-Macrophage-Iron Axis Guides Stressed Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate","volume":"29","author":"Caiado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02645-6","article-title":"Gut Microbiome-Short-Chain Fatty Acids Interplay in the Context of Iron Deficiency Anaemia","volume":"61","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00213-w","article-title":"Gut Microbiota as the Key Controllers of \u201cHealthy\u201d Aging of Elderly People","volume":"18","author":"Ragonnaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102266","article-title":"The Increasing Prevalence of Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases: An Urgent Call to Action for Improved Understanding, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9","article-title":"Incidence, Prevalence, and Co-Occurrence of Autoimmune Disorders over Time and by Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 22 Million Individuals in the UK","volume":"401","author":"Conrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"246","article-title":"Characteristics of immune response in elderly and autoimmunity","volume":"33","author":"Moskalec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1159\/000478012","article-title":"Autoimmunity in the Elderly: Insights from Basic Science and Clinics\u2014A Mini-Review","volume":"63","author":"Watad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04873-y","article-title":"Inflammatory Anemia May Be an Indicator for Predicting Disease Activity and Structural Damage in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vadasz, Z., Haj, T., Kessel, A., and Toubi, E. (2013). Age-Related Autoimmunity. BMC Med., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-94"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imanuel, C.A., Sivatheesan, S., Koyanagi, A., Smith, L., Konrad, M., and Kostev, K. (2023). Associations between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Various Comorbid Conditions in Germany-A Retrospective Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237265"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03068-w","article-title":"Association of Hemoglobin Levels with Radiographic Progression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Analysis from the BRASS Registry","volume":"25","author":"Shadick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"7067262","article-title":"Usefulness of Soluble Transferrin Receptor in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Clinical Practice","volume":"2022","author":"Straub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2276-8","article-title":"Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives: From Tissue Protection to Immune Regulation","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.002","article-title":"Erythropoietin Contrastingly Affects Bacterial Infection and Experimental Colitis by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-\u03baB-Inducible Immune Pathways","volume":"34","author":"Nairz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639370","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.639370","article-title":"Erythropoietin in Lupus: Unanticipated Immune Modulating Effects of a Kidney Hormone","volume":"12","author":"Eswarappa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0976-5","article-title":"Erythropoietin Reduces Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Severity via Neuroprotective Mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Moransard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011798","article-title":"Recombinant Erythropoietin in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Inadequate Bone Marrow Response: A Prospective Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Fattizzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G., Cao, B., Zhai, H., Liu, B., Huang, Y., Chen, X., Ling, H., Ling, S., Jin, S., and Yang, X. (2024). EPO Promotes the Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing Desialylation via Increasing the Expression of Neuraminidase 3. Ann. Rheum. Dis.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224852"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulson, R.F., Ruan, B., Hao, S., and Chen, Y. (2020). Stress Erythropoiesis Is a Key Inflammatory Response. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030634"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaap7336","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aap7336","article-title":"Inflammation Induces Stress Erythropoiesis through Heme-Dependent Activation of SPI-C","volume":"12","author":"Bennett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.08.027","article-title":"Impact of Anemia on Mortality, Cognition, and Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly","volume":"119","author":"Denny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1714","article-title":"The Definition of Anemia in Older Persons","volume":"281","author":"Izaks","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-055384","article-title":"Racial Variation in the Relationship of Anemia with Mortality and Mobility Disability among Older Adults","volume":"109","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.5.474","article-title":"Anemia in Old Age Is Associated with Increased Mortality and Hospitalization","volume":"61","author":"Penninx","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/7\/2049\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:22:22Z","timestamp":1760106142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/7\/2049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":181,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13072049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13072049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]}}}