{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:45:00Z","timestamp":1790862300726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Frailty and cardiovascular diseases are intertwined, commonly sharing risk factors and exhibiting bidirectional relationships. The relationship of frailty and non-acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (non-AMI-CS) is poorly described. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020 and identified all hospitalizations for non-AMI-CS. We classified them into frail and non-frail groups according to the hospital frailty risk score cut-off of 5 and compared in-hospital outcomes. (3) Results: A total of 503,780 hospitalizations for non-AMI-CS were identified. Most hospitalizations involved frail adults (80.0%). Those with frailty had higher odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.03\u20132.20, p &lt; 0.001), do-not-resuscitate status, and discharge to a skilled nursing facility compared with those without frailty. They also had higher odds of in-hospital adverse events, such as acute kidney injury, delirium, and longer length of stay. Importantly, non-AMI-CS hospitalizations in the frail group had lower use of mechanical circulatory support but not rates of cardiac transplantation. (4) Conclusions: Frailty is highly prevalent among non-AMI-CS hospitalizations. Those accompanied by frailty are often associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to those without frailty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T03:37:21Z","timestamp":1712115441000},"page":"2078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Frailty and In-Hospital Outcomes for Management of Cardiogenic Shock without Acute Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dae Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5853-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousif","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2941-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6188-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayden Barry","family":"Bosworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Nursing, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Sikand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Davila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5018-3099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Golsa","family":"Babapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla A.","family":"Damluji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"},{"name":"Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil V.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Health System, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Nanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7524-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc D.","family":"Samsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afad058","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad058","article-title":"Frailty transitions and prevalence in an ageing population: Longitudinal analysis of primary care data from an open cohort of adults aged 50 and over in England, 2006\u20132017","volume":"52","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","article-title":"Interventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"79","author":"Ijaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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