{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:45Z","timestamp":1787028645236,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vega (Czechia)","award":["VEGA-1\/0005\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA-1\/0005\/24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Potent immunosuppression lowers the incidence of acute graft rejection but increases the risk of infections. In order to decrease either infectious complications or acute rejection, it is necessary to identify risk groups of patients profiting from personalized induction immunosuppressive treatment. The aim of our analysis was to find whether there were higher incidences of infectious complications after kidney transplantation (KT) in groups with different induction immunosuppressive treatment and also to find independent risk factors for recurrent infections. Materials: We retrospectively evaluated all patients with induction treatment with basiliximab after kidney transplantation from 2014 to 2019 at our center relative to age- and sex-matched controls of patients with thymoglobulin induction immunosuppression. Results: Our study consisted of two groups: basiliximab (39) and thymoglobulin (39). In the thymoglobulin group we observed an increased incidence of recurrent infection in every observed interval; however, acute rejection was seen more often in the basiliximab group. A history of respiratory diseases and thrombocytopenia were identified as independent risk factors for recurrent bacterial infections from the first to sixth month after KT. Decreased eGFR from the first month, infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria, and severe infections (reflected by the need for hospitalization) were identified as independent risk factors for recurrent bacterial infections from the first to the twelfth month after KT. Conclusions: We found that in the group of patients with thymoglobulin induction immunosuppressive treatment, infectious complications occurred significantly more often during the entire monitored period with decreased incidence of acute humoral and cellular rejection occurred more often.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T08:55:12Z","timestamp":1712652912000},"page":"2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Different Induction Immunosuppression on the Incidence of Infectious Complications after Kidney Transplantation\u2014Single Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Vnu\u010d\u00e1k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant-Nephrology Centre, University Hospital Martin, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"},{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8834-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Gra\u0148\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant-Nephrology Centre, University Hospital Martin, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"},{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8148-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Belian\u010dinov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant-Nephrology Centre, University Hospital Martin, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"},{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Kleinov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant-Nephrology Centre, University Hospital Martin, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"},{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00edmea","family":"Blichov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant-Nephrology Centre, University Hospital Martin, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"},{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Dobo\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8246-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Dedinsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant-Nephrology Centre, University Hospital Martin, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"},{"name":"1st Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Koll\u00e1rova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Transplant Work Group (2009). KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients. Am. J. Transpl., 9, S1\u2013S155.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02834.x"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200519010-00005","article-title":"Antibody induction therapy in renal transplant patients receiving calcineurin-inhibitor immunosuppressive regimens: A comparative review","volume":"19","author":"Nashan","year":"2005","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09278-7","article-title":"Randomised trial of basiliximab versus placebo for control of acute cellular rejection in renal allograft recipients. CHIB 201 International Study Group","volume":"350","author":"Nashan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"913","article-title":"Prolonged immunosuppressive effect and minimal immunogenicity from chimeric (CD25) monoclonal antibody SDZ CHI 621 in renal transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Kovarik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200205150-00025","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and cost analysis of thymoglobulin induction therapy with intermittent dosing based on CD3+ lymphocyte counts in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients","volume":"73","author":"Peddi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060068","article-title":"Thymoglobulin Induction Study Group. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin versus basiliximab in renal transplantation","volume":"355","author":"Brennan","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.05.002","article-title":"Lower risk of infectious deaths in cardiac transplant patients receiving basiliximab versus antithymocyte globulin as induction therapy","volume":"26","author":"Mattei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transpl."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.01.032","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of daclizumab vs. anti-thymocyte globulin induction for lung transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Mullen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transpl."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Ciancio, G., Sageshima, J., and Burke, G.W. (2006, January 22\u201327). Evaluation of a randomized trial of three induction antibodies in deceased donor renal transplantation at 18 months follow-up [abstract 919]. Proceedings of the Program and Abstracts of the 1st World Transplant Congress, Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2021.04.011","article-title":"Risk Factors and Management of Leukopenia After Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience","volume":"53","author":"Henningsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107908","article-title":"Effect of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus on the incidence of infectious complications after kidney transplantation","volume":"98","author":"Laca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2020.01.054","article-title":"Low-dose Thymoglobulin vs Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Low-Risk Living Related Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Randomized Trial","volume":"53","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13257","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13257","article-title":"Assessment of infectious complications in elderly kidney transplant recipients receiving induction with anti-thymocyte globulin vs basiliximab","volume":"22","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14557","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2016 Annual data report: Kidney","volume":"18","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31612-1","article-title":"Association of Kidney Function with Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: An Electronic Medical Record Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"727","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in the context of mini-invasive procedures after kidney transplantation","volume":"124","author":"Kleinova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3367-9","article-title":"Low platelet count as risk factor for infections in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A retrospective evaluation","volume":"97","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4685","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202672","article-title":"Platelet induction of the acute-phase response is protective in murine experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"190","author":"Aggrey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-013-0297-8","article-title":"Advances in immunopathogenesis of adult immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2956","article-title":"Platelets and the immune continuum","volume":"11","author":"Semple","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1565","article-title":"Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inui, M., Tazawa, K., Kishi, Y., and Takai, T. (2015). Platelets convert peripheral blood circulating monocytes to regulatory cells via immunoglobulin G and activating-type Fc\u03b3 receptors. BMC Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0086-z"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.06.011","article-title":"Intravascular neutrophil extracellular traps capture bacteria from the bloodstream during sepsis","volume":"12","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-573915","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia impairs host defense in gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis in mice","volume":"124","author":"Claushuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3657","article-title":"Platelets protect from septic shock by inhibiting macrophage-dependent inflammation via the cyclooxygenase 1 signalling pathway","volume":"4","author":"Xiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-680744","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia is associated with a dysregulated host response in critically ill sepsis patients","volume":"127","author":"Claushuis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201503-126AW","article-title":"Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"12","author":"Bhat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/8\/2162\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:25:28Z","timestamp":1760106328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/8\/2162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13082162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13082162","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]}}}