{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T05:33:56Z","timestamp":1793252036086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chiropractic BioPhysics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Measures of lumbar lordosis (LL) and elliptical modeling variables have been shown to discriminate between normal and chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Pelvic morphology influences an individual\u2019s sagittal lumbar alignment. Our purpose is to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of lumbar sagittal radiographic alignment and modeling variables to identify if these can discriminate between normal controls and CLBP patients. Methods: We conducted a computer analysis of digitized vertebral body corners on lateral lumbar radiographs of normal controls and CLBP patients. Fifty normal controls were attained from a required pre-employment physical examination (29 men; 21 women; mean age of 27.7 \u00b1 8.5 years), with no history of low back pain, a normal spinal examination, no pathologies, anomalies, or instability. Additionally, 50 CLBP patients (29 men; 29.5 \u00b1 8 years of age) were randomly chosen and matched to the characteristics of the controls. The inclusion criteria required no abnormalities on lumbar spine radiographs. The parameters included the following: ARA L1-L5 lordosis, ARA T12-S1 lordosis, Cobb T12-S1, b\/a elliptical modelling ratio, sacral base angle (SBA), and S1 posterior tangent to vertical (PTS1). Two measures of pelvic morphology were determined for each person\u2014the angle of pelvic incidence (API) and posterior tangent pelvic incidence angle (PTPIA)\u2014and the relationships between API \u2212 ARA T12-S1, API \u2212 Cobb T12-S1, and API \u2212 ARA L1-5 was determined. Descriptive statistics and correlations among the primary variables were determined. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) for primary variables were analyzed. Results: The mean values of LL were statistically different between the normal and CLBP groups (p &lt; 0.001), indicating a hypo-lordotic lumbar spine for the CLBP group. The mean b\/a ratio was lower in the chronic pain group (p = 0.0066). The pelvic morphology variables were similar between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). API had a stronger correlation to the SBA and Cobb T12-S1 than PTPIA did, while PTPIA had a stronger correlation to the S1 tangent and ARA T12-S1 than API did. While CLBP patients had a stronger correlation of ARA T12-S1 and Cobb T12-S1 relative to the pelvic morphology, they also had a reduced correlation of ARA L1-L5 lordosis relative to their SBA and pelvic morphology measures. API \u2212 T12-S1, API \u2212 L1-L5, and API \u2212 Cobb T12-S1 were statistically different between the groups, p &lt; 0.001. Using ROC curve analyses, it was identified that ARA L1-L5 lordosis of 36\u00b0 and ARA T12-S1 of 68\u00b0 have a good sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between normal and CLBP patients. ROC curve analyses identified that lordosis ARAT12-S1 &lt; 68\u00b0 (AUC = 0.83), lordosis ARAL1-L5 &lt; 36\u00b0 (AUC = 0.78), API \u2212 ARA T12-S1 &lt; \u221218\u00b0 (AUC = 0.75), API \u2212 ARAL1-L5 &gt; 35\u00b0 (AUC = 0.71), and API \u2212 Cobb T12-S1 &lt; \u22125\u00b0 (AUC = 0.69) had moderate to good discrimination between groups (AUC = 0.83, 0.78, 0.75, and 0.72). Conclusions: Pelvic morphology is similar between normal and CLBP patients. CLBP patients have an abnormal \u2018fit\u2019 of their API \u2212 ARAT12-S1 and L1-L5 lumbar lordosis relative to their pelvic morphology and sacral tilt shown as a hypolordosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T06:07:46Z","timestamp":1712729266000},"page":"2178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Can the Mismatch of Measured Pelvic Morphology vs. Lumbar Lordosis Predict Chronic Low Back Pain Patients?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6671-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deed E.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiropractic Biophysics NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0901-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason W.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiropractic Biophysics NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS\u2013Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Betz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Boise, ID 83709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199520120-00005","article-title":"An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers","volume":"20","author":"Gelb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000115127.51758.A2","article-title":"A longitudinal study of congruent sagittal spinal alignment in an adult cohort","volume":"29","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200302000-00008","article-title":"Sagittal profile of the elderly","volume":"16","author":"Hammerberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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