{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T17:09:33Z","timestamp":1763831373008,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Andalusian Society of Cardiology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a proatherogenic particle associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is mainly genetically determined; so, the aim of our study is to evaluate the levels of Lp(a) in the relatives of a prospective cohort of patients who have suffered from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with Lp(a) \u2265 50 mg\/dL. Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective study, in which consecutive patients who had suffered from an ACS and presented Lp(a) \u2265 50 mg\/dL and their first-degree relatives were included. Results: We included 413 subjects, of which 56.4% were relatives of the patients. Family history of early ischemic heart disease was present in 57.5%, and only 20.6% were receiving statin treatment. The family cohort was younger (37.5 vs. 59.1 years; p &lt; 0.001), and 4% had ischemic heart disease and fewer cardiovascular risk factors. Mean Lp(a) levels were 64.9 mg\/dL, 59.4% had levels \u2265 50 mg\/dL, and 16.1% had levels \u2265 100 mg\/dL. When comparing the patients with respect to their relatives, the mean level of Lp(a) was lower but without significant differences regarding the levels of LDLc, ApoB, and non-HDL. However, relatives with Lp(a) \u2265 50 mg\/dL, had values similar to the group of patients with ACS (96.8 vs. 103.8 mg\/dL; p = 0.18). No differences were found in Lp(a) levels in relatives based on the other lipid parameters. Conclusions: Overall, 59.4% of the first-degree relatives of patients who suffered from an ACS with Lp(a) \u2265 50 mg\/dL also had elevated levels. Relatives with elevated Lp(a) had similar levels as patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T11:09:20Z","timestamp":1712920160000},"page":"2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lp(a) Levels in Relatives of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Elevated Lp(a): HER(a) Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M. Rosa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Olmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena Carrillo","family":"Bailen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Mart\u00ednez Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Rus Mansilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alto Guadalquivir Hospital in And\u00fajar, 23740 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Martin Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, University Hospital of Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"L\u00f3pez Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Lucas Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Cortez Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alto Guadalquivir Hospital in And\u00fajar, 23740 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Calvo Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, University Hospital of Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ortiz Cruces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3871-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Torres Llergo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9207-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Garc\u00eda Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis and Genetics Service, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Anguita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Unit Cardiology, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0000-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, IMED Elche Hospital, 03203 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491764","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3491764","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) the Insurgent: A New Insight into the Structure, Function, Metabolism, Pathogenicity, and Medications Affecting Lipoprotein(a) Molecule","volume":"2020","author":"Jawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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