{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:01:28Z","timestamp":1792645288924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the established safety and efficacy of midurethral slings (MUS), which are the current gold standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the potential for postoperative complications remains a significant concern for both healthcare professionals and patients. Meanwhile, sonography has emerged as a significant diagnostic tool in urogynecology, and one of the applications of this imaging modality may be the evaluation of complications arising from MUS procedures. This review, based on a comprehensive literature search, focuses on the use of pelvic floor ultrasound (US) in the context of MUS complications. It includes analyses of randomized controlled trials, prospective, and retrospective studies, covering preoperative and postoperative investigations, to assess complications such as persistent and recurrent SUI, urinary retention and obstructive voiding, de novo urgency\/overactive bladder, vaginal exposure, sling erosion, pain, and hematoma. The review critically examines the existing literature, with a particular focus on recent publications. Despite the variability in findings, it appears that for each of the discussed complications, the application of pelvic floor US can significantly support the diagnostic and therapeutic process. The paper also identifies potential future directions for the development of US applications in diagnosing MUS complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T06:21:12Z","timestamp":1713421272000},"page":"2336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sonography as a Diagnostic Tool in Midurethral Sling Complications: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-4078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Zwierzchowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty Collegium Medicum, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Tomasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty Collegium Medicum, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Horosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty Collegium Medicum, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Barcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty Collegium Medicum, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulmsten, U., Henriksson, L., Johnson, P., and Varhos, G. (1996). An ambulatory surgical procedure under local anesthesia for treatment of female urinary incontinence. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct., 7.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01902378"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08272.x","article-title":"A three-year follow up of tension free vaginal tape for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence","volume":"106","author":"Ulmsten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.07.029","article-title":"A prospective multicenter randomized trial of tension-free vaginal tape and colposuspension for primary urodynamic stress incontinence: Two-year follow-up","volume":"190","author":"Ward","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1306","article-title":"Transobturator urethral suspension: Mini-invasive procedure in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women","volume":"11","author":"Delorme","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0279-3","article-title":"A randomized comparison of transobturator tape and Burch colposuspension in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence","volume":"18","author":"Sivaslioglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Culligan, P.J., Goldberg, R.P., and Sand, P.K. (2003). A randomized controlled trial comparing a modified Burch procedure and a suburethral sling: Long-term follow-up. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct., 14.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1057-0"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-004-6101-6","article-title":"Tension free vaginal tape versus Burch colposuspension for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence","volume":"37","author":"Kehinde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000080619","article-title":"Randomized comparison of Burch urethropexy procedures concomitant with gynecologic operations","volume":"59","author":"Tezcan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"CD006375","article-title":"Mid-urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women","volume":"7","author":"Ford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12932","article-title":"FIGO review of statements on use of synthetic mesh for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence","volume":"147","author":"Ugianskiene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05600-7","article-title":"Impact on urinary incontinence after management of complications related to a retropubic midurethral sling","volume":"34","author":"Juhl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2007.11.004","article-title":"A comprehensive review of suburethral sling procedure complications","volume":"15","author":"Stanford","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2253-3","article-title":"Pelvic floor ultrasound in the diagnosis of sling complications","volume":"36","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1967-1726","article-title":"Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Urinary Incontinence. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No.\u2009015\/091, January 2022): Part 1 with Recommendations on Diagnostics and Conservative and Medical Treatment","volume":"83","author":"Naumann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14953","article-title":"AIUM\/IUGA Practice Parameter for the Performance of Urogynecological Ultrasound Examinations: Developed in Collaboration with the ACR, the AUGS, the AUA, and the SRU","volume":"38","author":"Shobeiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23545","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of slings and meshes in urogynecology","volume":"57","author":"Shek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23215","article-title":"Applying translabial ultrasound to detect synthetic slings-You can do it too! A comparison of urology trainees to an attending radiologist","volume":"36","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"123","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging in urogynecology\u2014State of the art 2016","volume":"15","author":"Bogusiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prz. Menopauzalny"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.09.033","article-title":"Correlation of morphological alterations and functional impairment of the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure","volume":"181","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10086","article-title":"Correlation of tape location and tension with surgical outcome after transobturator suburethral tape procedures","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-014-1261-1","article-title":"Both the middle and distal sections of the urethra may be regarded as optimal targets for \u2018outside-in\u2019 transobturator tape placement","volume":"32","author":"Bogusiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90245-9","article-title":"Location of maximum intraurethral pressure related to urogenital diaphragm in the female subject as studied by simultaneous urethrocystometry and voiding urethrocystography","volume":"144","author":"Westby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004030","article-title":"The influence of posture on perineal ultrasound imaging parameters","volume":"12","author":"Dietz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004011","article-title":"The influence of bladder volume on the position and mobility of the urethrovesical junction","volume":"10","author":"Dietz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.07.008","article-title":"Trans-labial or introital ultrasounds for midurethral slings","volume":"33","author":"Haudebert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virtanen, H.S., and Kiilholma, P. (2002). Urogynecologic ultrasound is a useful aid in the assessment of female stress urinary incontinence\u2014A prospective study with TVT procedure. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct., 13.","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200048"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1945","article-title":"Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of suburethral slings","volume":"26","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chmaj-Wierzchowska, K., Raba, G., Dykczy\u0144ski, P., Wilczak, M., Turlakiewicz, K., Lata\u0144ska, I., and Sujka, W. (2022). Clinical Outcomes of Mid-Urethral Sling (MUS) Procedures for the Treatment of Female Urinary Incontinence: A Multicenter Study. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226656"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2902-7","article-title":"Transobturator tape versus retropubic tension-free vaginal tape for stress urinary incontinence: 5-year safety and effectiveness outcomes following a randomised trial","volume":"27","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2298\/ACI1401081P","article-title":"Tension free vaginal tape (TVT) vs Transobturator tape (TOT) complications and outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Potic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Chir. Iugosl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.04.026","article-title":"Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Comparative Data on Colposuspensions, Pubovaginal Slings, and Midurethral Tapes in the Surgical Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence","volume":"72","author":"Fusco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912658","article-title":"Retropubic versus transobturator midurethral slings for stress incontinence","volume":"362","author":"Richter","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000255975.24668.f2","article-title":"Complications of sling surgery among female Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"109","author":"Anger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000146639.62563.e5","article-title":"Seven-year follow-up of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for treatment of urinary incontinence","volume":"104","author":"Nilsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13262","article-title":"Are complications of stress urinary incontinence surgery procedures associated with the position of the sling?","volume":"24","author":"Kociszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kociszewski, J., Kolben, S., Barski, D., Viereck, V., and Barcz, E. (2015). Complications following Tension-Free Vaginal Tapes: Accurate Diagnosis and Complications Management. Biomed. Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/538391"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2013.32.2.239","article-title":"Positioning of a suburethral sling at the bladder neck is associated with a higher recurrence rate of stress urinary incontinence","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1159\/000526506","article-title":"Ultrasound Evaluation of Mid-Urethral Sling Position: A Potential Predictor of Outcomes and Adverse Effects","volume":"87","author":"Ghanbari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.17772\/gp\/1585","article-title":"Most of the patients with suburethral sling failure have tapes located outside the high-pressure zone of the urethra","volume":"84","author":"Bogusiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245798","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)","volume":"32","author":"Flock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000161","article-title":"Ultrasound Evaluation of Midurethral Sling Position and Correlation to Physical Examination and Patient Symptoms","volume":"21","author":"Unger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3234-y","article-title":"Dynamic assessment of sling function on transperineal ultrasound: Does it correlate with outcomes 1 year following surgery?","volume":"28","author":"Hegde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-0043-0","article-title":"A transvaginal ultrasound study comparing transobturator tape and tension-free vaginal tape after surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence","volume":"17","author":"Deffieux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36115","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036115","article-title":"Midurethral sling position and surgical outcome: A meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00198.x","article-title":"How important is TVT location?","volume":"83","author":"Dietz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22725","article-title":"Clinical and ultrasonographic study of patients presenting with transvaginal mesh complications","volume":"35","author":"Manonai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-04897-6","article-title":"Translabial ultrasound: A non-invasive technique for assessing \u201ctechnical errors\u201d after TOT failure","volume":"33","author":"Illiano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04273-w","article-title":"Real-time assessment of the behaviour of the bladder neck and proximal urethra during urine leaking in the cough stress test (CST) in supine and standing positions using transperineal ultrasound","volume":"31","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0010","article-title":"Urethral funneling visualized during pelvic floor sonography\u2014Analysis of occurrence among urogynecological patients","volume":"89","author":"Kluz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.189","article-title":"Introital and transvaginal ultrasound as the main tool in the assessment of urogenital and pelvic floor dysfunction: An imaging panel and practical approach","volume":"22","author":"Tunn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0593-z","article-title":"Clinical and ultrasonographic correlations following three surgical anti-incontinence procedures (TOT, TVT and TVT-O)","volume":"19","author":"Chene","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23509","article-title":"Demographic features of female urethra length","volume":"37","author":"Pomian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1020-9","article-title":"Risk factors of treatment failure of midurethral sling procedures for women with urinary stress incontinence","volume":"21","author":"Stav","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000167393.95817.dc","article-title":"Long-term results with tension-free vaginal tape on mixed and stress urinary incontinence","volume":"106","author":"Holmgren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25032","article-title":"Midterm postoperative results of mid-urethral slings. Role of ultrasound in explaining surgical failures","volume":"41","author":"Escura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutone, N., Brizendine, E., and Hale, D. (2003). Factors that influence voiding function after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for stress urinary incontinence. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 188.","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.453"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"An integral theory and its method for the diagnosis and management of female urinary incontinence","volume":"153","author":"Petros","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0250","article-title":"Update on complications of synthetic suburethral slings","volume":"43","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Braz. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01366-8","article-title":"Urinary retention after tension-free vaginal tape procedure: Incidence and treatment","volume":"58","author":"Klutke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00460317","article-title":"Sub-urethral slings for treatment of stress urinary incontinence","volume":"5","author":"Ghoniem","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young, S.B., Rosenblatt, P.L., Pingeton, D.M., Howard, A.E., and Baker, S.P. (1995). The Mersilene mesh suburethral sling: A clinical and urodynamic evaluation. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 173.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90416-6"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, V.C., Mishra, N., Karim, O.M., and Motiwala, H.G. (2005). Voiding dysfunction after tension-free vaginal tape: A conservative approach is often successful. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct., 16.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1221-1"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04910.x","article-title":"Complications of tension-free vaginal tape surgery: A multi-institutional review","volume":"94","author":"Abouassaly","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06333.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled equivalence trial of short-term complications and efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape and suprapubic urethral support sling for treating stress incontinence","volume":"98","author":"Lord","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3495-0","article-title":"Prospective and randomized clinical trial comparing transobturator versus retropubic sling in terms of efficacy and safety","volume":"29","author":"Palos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1119-z","article-title":"Tape functionality: Position, change in shape, and outcome after TVT procedure--mid-term results","volume":"21","author":"Kociszewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000229502","article-title":"Comparison of transobturator vaginal tape and retropubic tension-free vaginal tape: Clinical outcome and sonographic results of a case-control study","volume":"68","author":"Reich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1895-8","article-title":"Midurethral sling incision: Indications and outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Viereck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000375","article-title":"Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Transperineal Ultrasound Findings in Women with High-Pressure Voiding after Midurethral Sling Placement","volume":"23","author":"Larson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.02076","article-title":"Transperineal Sonography and Urodynamic Findings in Women with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Sling Placement","volume":"36","author":"Takacs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23130","article-title":"Association between 3D endovaginal and 2D perineal pelvic floor ultrasound findings and symptoms in women presenting with mid-urethral sling complications","volume":"57","author":"Taithongchai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.10.073","article-title":"Complication rates of tension-free midurethral slings in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing tension-free midurethral tapes to other surgical procedures and different devices","volume":"53","author":"Novara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2011.587911","article-title":"A series of Advantage suburethral slings","volume":"31","author":"Renganathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23328","article-title":"Overactive bladder symptoms after midurethral sling surgery in women: Risk factors and management","volume":"37","author":"Marcelissen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3417-1","article-title":"De novo overactive bladder following midurethral sling procedures: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pergialiotis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.08.011","article-title":"Complications of synthetic slings used in female stress urinary incontinence and applicability of the new IUGA-ICS classification","volume":"165","author":"Petri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3837-6","article-title":"Introital ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms following anti-incontinence surgery using a synthetic midurethral tape","volume":"30","author":"Pawlaczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31829099c1","article-title":"Impact of the 2011 FDA transvaginal mesh safety update on AUGS members\u2019 use of synthetic mesh and biologic grafts in pelvic reconstructive surgery","volume":"19","author":"Clemons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12544","article-title":"Analysis of patient and technical factors associated with midurethral sling mesh exposure and perforation","volume":"21","author":"Osborn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2018.08.003","article-title":"Management of the Exposed or Perforated Midurethral Sling","volume":"46","author":"Giusto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.09.004","article-title":"Translabial ultrasonography for evaluation of synthetic mesh in the vagina","volume":"83","author":"Staack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150215","article-title":"Postoperative Imaging after Surgical Repair for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Khatri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22756","article-title":"Clinical application of IUGA\/ICS classification system for mesh erosion","volume":"35","author":"Batalden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2002.810113.x","article-title":"A nationwide analysis of complications associated with the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure","volume":"81","author":"Kuuva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brubaker, L., Norton, P.A., Albo, M.E., Chai, T.C., Dandreo, K.J., Lloyd, K.L., Lowder, J.L., Sirls, L.T., Lemack, G.E., and Arisco, A.M. (2011). Adverse events over two years after retropubic or transobturator midurethral sling surgery: Findings from the Trial of Midurethral Slings (TOMUS) study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 205.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.07.011"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23140","article-title":"Surgical treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence: The ESTER systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Brazzelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33129","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033129","article-title":"Pelvic ultrasound finding of late-onset bladder erosion after transobturator tape for female stress urinary incontinence: A case report","volume":"102","author":"Lou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000382","article-title":"Translabial Ultrasound in Midurethral Sling (Mesh) Visualization and Erosion Detection in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Pilot Study","volume":"34","author":"Viragh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03973-2","article-title":"Clinical application of 2D and 3D pelvic floor ultrasound of mid-urethral slings and vaginal wall mesh","volume":"30","author":"Taithongchai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olive, E.J., and Linder, B.J. (2024). Robotic-assisted intravesical mesh excision following retropubic midurethral sling. Int. Urogynecol. J., 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05736-0"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01268.x","article-title":"Transobturator and retropubic tape procedures in stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and complications","volume":"114","author":"Latthe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0303-2","article-title":"Anatomical variability in the trajectory of the inside-out transobturator vaginal tape technique (TVT-O)","volume":"18","author":"Hinoul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15982","article-title":"The Correlation between the Sonographic Course of Transobturator Slings and Sling-Related Pain","volume":"42","author":"Alshiek","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05553-x","article-title":"Complications following retropubic versus transobturator midurethral synthetic sling placement","volume":"34","author":"Sears","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/8\/2336\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:29:45Z","timestamp":1760106585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/8\/2336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13082336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13082336","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]}}}