{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:30:42Z","timestamp":1791300642248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is evidence suggesting the existence of sex differences in the effectiveness of specific drug classes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study stands as the first to elucidate sex-related differences in the effectiveness of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Methods: The study involved 150 RA patients treated with tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, or filgotinib between September 2017 and October 2023. Sex differences in achieving remission and low disease activity (LDA) were identified through logistic regression analyses. Sex disparities in treatment effectiveness survival were evaluated through the Kaplan\u2013Meier estimate, employing the log-rank test for comparison. The Cox model was applied to analyze the variable sex as a potential factor that could influence the maintenance of the JAK inhibitor treatment effectiveness. Results: Concerning the achievement of remission and LDA, no differences were observed between sexes in terms of the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) C-reactive protein (CRP), the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI). With respect to the DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), female patients, compared to males, possessed 70% lower odds of achieving remission (p = 0.018) and 66% lower odds of achieving LDA (p = 0.023). No differences were observed in treatment effectiveness survival between sexes (p = 0.703). Sex was not found to influence the survival of JAK inhibitor treatment effectiveness (p = 0.704). Conclusions: Being a female or male patient does not entail differences in the effectiveness of the JAK inhibitor treatment. Our findings encourage the consideration of a global pool of composite indices (DAS28-ESR\/CRP, CDAI, SDAI) to measure RA disease activity, thus individualizing the target value as advocated by the treat-to-target strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1713426954000},"page":"2355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Are There Sex-Related Differences in the Effectiveness of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Martinez-Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Av. Can Dom\u00e8nech 737, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2074-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Feliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4972-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Av. Can Dom\u00e8nech 737, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Juanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6275-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Diaz-Torne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Av. Can Dom\u00e8nech 737, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Av. Can Dom\u00e8nech 737, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Immunology-Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quint\u00ed 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7738-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e8ctor","family":"Corominas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Av. Can Dom\u00e8nech 737, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"376","author":"Scott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123919","article-title":"Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: Recommendations of an international task force","volume":"69","author":"Smolen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. 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