{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T05:10:06Z","timestamp":1775193006839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The impaction of the maxillary canine is a common occurrence, and orthodontists must be prepared to manage it. The purpose of this article is to present a study of the efficacy of a double-wire orthodontic appliance compared to a control group in the alignment of impacted maxillary canines in the dental arch. Methods: To diagnose an impacted maxillary canine, a panoramic radiograph was taken and a detailed analysis was performed by the same orthodontist. This article presents the results of 28 impacted maxillary canines with inclusion criteria of A2 (tooth angulation to the midline 16\u00b0\u201345\u00b0), V1 (vertical height of the tooth crown above the cementoenamel junction but less than half the length of the root of the maxillary lateral incisor), and O3 (medial position of the canine crown of more than half but less than the entire root width of the lateral incisor) positions in 21 patients (7 males and 14 females) with a mean age of 14.02 years (SD = 1.61) who were treated by the same orthodontist for impacted maxillary canines using a fixed double-wire orthodontic appliance. The analyzed data were compared with the control group (treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance and active ligature), which was matched for pretreatment age and the A2, V1, and O3 positions of the impacted maxillary canine. Results: With both methods, the impacted maxillary canines were aligned and guided into a correct position in the dental arch, but the mean active orthodontic traction of 31 \u00b1 4.2 weeks in the SG was statistically significantly shorter (p &lt; 0.05) in comparison to 37 \u00b1 6.3 weeks in the CG, and the number of visits was statistically significantly (p &lt; 0.05) fewer in the SG (5 \u00b1 2) than in the CG (11 \u00b1 5). Conclusions: The findings of this study are important to the field of orthodontics and show that the alignment of impacted maxillary canines with A2, V1, and O3 positions can be achieved with both methods, but with the double-wire appliance, the treatment time was shorter and the number of visits was statistically significantly fewer. The results of this study suggest that this approach may be more efficient and cost-effective compared to conventional methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:10:15Z","timestamp":1713499815000},"page":"2374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparisons of Two Different Treatment Methods for Impacted Maxillary Canines: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Fekonja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Health Centre Maribor, Ulica Talcev 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.1.074-087.bbo","article-title":"Orthodontic traction of impacted canines: Concepts and clinical application","volume":"24","author":"Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.20.3.215","article-title":"An investigation into the response of palatally displaced canines to the removal of deciduous canines and an assessment of factors contributing to a favourable eruption","volume":"20","author":"Power","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.100216","article-title":"Impacted canines: Etiology, diagnosis, and orthodontic management","volume":"4","author":"Manne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioall. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"158","article-title":"Prevalence of impacted teeth and associated pathologies\u2014A radiographic study of the Hong Kong Chinese population","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"65","article-title":"Prevalence of impacted permanent upper canine and its treatment in 11\u201318-year-old orthodontic patients","volume":"96","author":"Rozsa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fogorvosi Szle."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601105010039","article-title":"A review of early displaced maxillary canines Etiology, diagnosis and interceptive treatment","volume":"5","author":"Litsas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/15470658","article-title":"Incidence of canine impaction and transmigration in a patient population","volume":"33","author":"Aydin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz056","article-title":"Prevalence of impacted maxillary canines\u2014An epidemiological study in a region with systematically implemented interceptive treatment","volume":"41","author":"Dahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"66","article-title":"Prevalence and Distribution of Tooth Impaction in Orthodontically Treated Patients","volume":"4","author":"Fekonja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. J. Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90005-9","article-title":"radiographic examination of ectopically erupting maxillary canines","volume":"91","author":"Ericson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"497","article-title":"A review of impacted permanent maxillary cuspids-diagnosis and prevention","volume":"66","author":"Richardson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"249","article-title":"The palatally displaced canine as a dental anomaly of genetic origin","volume":"64","author":"Peck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Tilander., B., Bjerklin, K., and Bondemark, L. (2018). Essential Orthodontics, Wiley Blackwell."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"267","article-title":"A controlled study of associated dental anomalies","volume":"68","author":"Baccetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.11.016","article-title":"Maxillary palatal canine impaction displacement in subjects with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors","volume":"140","author":"Bsoul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Moyers, B.S. (1988). Handbook of Orthodontic, Year Book Med Publish Inc.. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.246","article-title":"Prediction of maxillary canine impaction based on panoramic radiographs","volume":"6","author":"Margot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"106","article-title":"Palatally displaced Canines: Diagnosis and interceptive treatment","volume":"1","author":"Abdulraheem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70008-X","article-title":"Impacted maxillary canines a review","volume":"101","author":"Bishara","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.544","article-title":"Evaluation of the eruption of permanent teeth and their association with malocclusion","volume":"8","author":"Fekonja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.2319\/062210-339.1","article-title":"Effect of RME and headgear treatment on the eruption of palatally displaced canines: A randomized clinical study","volume":"81","author":"Armi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq139","article-title":"A RCT on treatmentof palatally displaced canines with RME and\/or a transpalatalarch","volume":"33","author":"Baccetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.1.283","article-title":"Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines","volume":"10","author":"Ericson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.033","article-title":"Three-dimensional localization of maxillary canines with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"128","author":"Walker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq071","article-title":"Survival and success of maxillary canine autotransplantation: A retrospective investigation","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.159","article-title":"Long-term outcome of autogenously transplanted maxillary canines","volume":"17","author":"Grisar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0099","article-title":"A review of the diagnosis and management of impacted maxillary canines","volume":"140","author":"Bedoya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.06.009","article-title":"Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines","volume":"126","author":"Kokich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2020.20038","article-title":"Strategies for Managing the Risk of Mucogingival Changes During Impacted Maxillary Canine Treatment","volume":"33","author":"El","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-77572016-0133","article-title":"Root length and alveolar bone level of impacted canines and adjacent teeth after orthodontic traction: A long-term evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"434","article-title":"An extrusion spring for palatally impacted cuspids","volume":"37","author":"Oppenhuizen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1457","article-title":"Treatment of maxillary impacted canine using ballista spring and orthodontic wire traction. ed. N., Marwah editor","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"4386464","article-title":"Orthodontic traction of impacted canine using cantilever","volume":"2016","author":"Nakandakari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dent."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasoglou, G., Lyros, I., Patatou, A., and Vasoglou, M. (2023). Orthodontic Treatment of Palatally Impacted Maxillary Canines with the Use of a Digitally Designed and 3D-Printed Metal Device. Dent. J., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11040102"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaa058","article-title":"R Orthodontic treatment and root resorption: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"43","author":"Yassir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"367","article-title":"Minimizing the problem of impacted and ectopic canines","volume":"51","author":"Liveslay","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Dent. Child."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Andreasen, J.O., Kolsen Petersen, J., and Laskin, D. (1997). Texbook and Color Atlas of Dental Impaction. Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention, Munksgaard."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucukkaraca, E. (2023). Characteristics of Unilaterally Impacted Maxillary Canines and Effect on Environmental Tissues: A CBCT Study. Children, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.0816.v1"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00621-8","article-title":"Prediction of maxillary canine impaction using sectors and angular measurement","volume":"124","author":"Warford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.11.014","article-title":"A retrospective long-term pulpal, periodontal, and esthetic, follow-up of palatally impacted canines treated with an open or closed surgical exposure technique using the Maxillary Canine Aesthetic Index","volume":"158","author":"Luyten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"144","article-title":"Orthodontic wires: Knowledge ensures clinical optimisation","volume":"14","author":"Quintao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"91","article-title":"Review of superelastic Archwires in Orthodontics","volume":"35","author":"Prous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"32","article-title":"An Overview of Orthodontic Wires","volume":"28","author":"Kotha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biomater. Arfif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90140-3","article-title":"Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires in tension, bending and torsion","volume":"82","author":"Drake","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.21.2.065-072.oar","article-title":"The effect of canine disimpaction performed with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) before comprehensive orthodontic treatment to avoid root resorption of adjacent teeth","volume":"21","author":"Heravi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"3","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage: Use of miniscrews for impacted maxillary canine management","volume":"103","author":"Kocsis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fogorvosi Szle."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.04.007","article-title":"Surgical treatment of impacted canines","volume":"27","author":"Becker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.09.026","article-title":"Transmigrant maxillary canines","volume":"105","author":"Aras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2319\/080406-318.1","article-title":"Orthodontic and Periodontal Outcomes of Treated Impacted Maxillary Canines","volume":"77","author":"Crescini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/8\/2374\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:30:41Z","timestamp":1760106641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/8\/2374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13082374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13082374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]}}}