{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:39:15Z","timestamp":1782848355939,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1)\u00a0Background: Anorectal abscesses are a relatively rare pathology in childhood. Most often, male children under 1 year of age are affected. The importance of microbiological examination for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients remains debatable among surgeons, resulting in scarce data being available in the literature. We aimed to identify the aerobic microbiological spectrum and antibiotic resistance of isolates in children undergoing operation to treat anorectal abscesses. (2)\u00a0Methods: We performed a case series of 102 children diagnosed and operated for anorectal abscesses over a period of 10 years (2010\u20132019). Purulent wound exudate was used for microbiological evaluation, which was subsequently cultured on 5% sheep-blood agar and eosin\u2013methylene blue agar. For microbiological identification, conventional biochemical tests and semi-automated (API 20, bioMerieux, Marcy-l\u2019\u00c9toile, France) tests were used, as well as automated systems (Vitek-2 Compact, bioMerieux, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method of Bauer\u2013Kirby and by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations for glycopeptides. The results were interpreted according to the EUCAST standard for the corresponding year. (3)\u00a0Results: Microbiological testing in children operated for anorectal abscesses mainly identified the gut commensals that normally reside in the rectal mucosa. Monocultures were found in just over half of the cases. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae complex, and Proteus mirabilis were the most frequently isolated. In addition, Staphylococcus aureus was found in 7% of patients. In Gram-negative bacteria, antibiotic resistance was most often observed in penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones. (4)\u00a0Conclusions: The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance impose the need for the local monitoring of circulating commensal bacteria associated with anorectal abscesses in children to guide antibiotic therapy when indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T06:10:18Z","timestamp":1713766218000},"page":"2414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Aerobic Microbiological Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance in Children Operated for Anorectal Abscesses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dzhevdet","family":"Chakarov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"First Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital St. George, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Hadzhieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"First Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital St. George, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yordan","family":"Kalchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology \u201cProf. Dr. Elissay Yanev\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital St. George, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitar","family":"Hadzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"First Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital St. George, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"omy116","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omy116","article-title":"Perianal abscess in a 2-year-old presenting with a febrile seizure and swelling of the perineum","volume":"2019","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxf. 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