{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:49:07Z","timestamp":1792442947035,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u201cRicerca Corrente\u201d","award":["5 \u00d7 1000 funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 \u00d7 1000 funds"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u201cRicerca Corrente\u201d","award":["NRRP M6C2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRRP M6C2"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["5 \u00d7 1000 funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 \u00d7 1000 funds"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["NRRP M6C2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRRP M6C2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunoglobulin A nephropathy represents the most prevalent cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide and may lead to renal failure in a relevant number of cases in both paediatric and adult subjects. Although their pathogenesis is still largely unclear, evidence of immune abnormalities provides the background for the use of immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and antiproliferative and alkylating agents. Unfortunately, these treatments fail to achieve a sustained remission in a significant percentage of affected patients and are burdened by significant toxicities. Recent developments of new biologics, including anti-BAFF\/APRIL inhibitors and molecules targeting complement components, offered the opportunity to selectively target immune cell subsets or activation pathways, leading to more effective and safer hypothesis-driven treatments. However, studies testing new biologic agents in IgAN should also consider paediatric populations to address the unique needs of children and close the therapeutic gap between adult and paediatric care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T12:20:30Z","timestamp":1713874830000},"page":"2465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biologics and Non-Biologics Immunosuppressive Treatments for IgA Nephropathy in Both Adults and Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Decimo Silvio","family":"Chiarenza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Eugenio","family":"Verrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"La Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-3001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Caridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Marco","family":"Ghiggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Mortari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Lugani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6121-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Angeletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8563-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Bigatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/81677","article-title":"IgA nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis, is linked to 6q22\u201323","volume":"26","author":"Gharavi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. 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