{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:36:11Z","timestamp":1791552971930,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Skin color is innately determined by race and other genetic factors, and it also undergoes acquired changes due to various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Previous studies on skin color have mainly focused on the face, and research has recently expanded to other body parts. However, there is limited information about the age-dependent changes in the skin color of these body parts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in skin color between various body parts and the changes in skin color of each body part with age. Methods: This study examined the skin color of 53 Korean women subjects evenly distributed in age from the 20s to 60s on several body parts: forearm, upper arm, elbow (extended or folded), knee (extended or folded), thigh, and shin. The lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) were measured using a spectrophotometer, and the individual typology angle (ITA\u00b0) was calculated from the L* and b* values. The melanin index and erythema index were measured using the mexameter. Results: The results showed that the elbow skin had the lowest L* and ITA\u00b0 values and the highest a* and b* values among the examined body parts, followed by the knee. The melanin index and erythema index were also high in the skin of these body parts. In the analysis of age-dependent changes in the skin color of various body parts, the forearm skin exhibited the most notable decrease in the L* and ITA\u00b0 values and increases in the a* and b* values, followed by upper-arm skin. The melanin and erythema indices in the forearm also increased as the subjects aged, whereas those in the elbow and knee rather decreased with age. Conclusions: This study suggests that differences in intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging in various body parts may be expressed as different changes in skin color and raises the need for cosmetic and dermatological research to identify the physiological significance of these changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T10:18:36Z","timestamp":1713953916000},"page":"2500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Skin Color Analysis of Various Body Parts (Forearm, Upper Arm, Elbow, Knee, and Shin) and Changes with Age in 53 Korean Women, Considering Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Center, Dermapro Ltd., Seoul 06570, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ja Hyun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Center, Dermapro Ltd., Seoul 06570, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hwoon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Center, Dermapro Ltd., Seoul 06570, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Chool","family":"Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003079","article-title":"Defining Skin Quality: Clinical Relevance, Terminology, and Assessment","volume":"47","author":"Humphrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. 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