{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:10:12Z","timestamp":1784603412244,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chiropractic BioPhysics, NonProfit"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: This study assessed the relationship between cervical spine parameters taken on standing full-spine lateral radiographic images compared to sectional lateral cervical radiographs. (2) Methods: Full-spine (FS) and sectional lateral cervical (LC) radiographs from four spine treatment facilities across the USA retrospectively provided data collected on 220 persons to assess the comparison of three sagittal cervical radiographic measurements between the two views. The measures included cervical lordosis using the absolute rotation angle from C2-C7, sagittal cervical translation of C2-C7, and atlas plane angle to horizontal. Linear correlation and R2 models were used for statistical comparison of the measures for the two views. (3) Results: The mean values of the three measurements were statistically different from each other: C2-C7 translation (FS = 19.84 \u00b1 11.98 vs. LC = 21.18 \u00b1 11.8), C2-C7 lordosis (FS = \u221215.3 \u00b1 14.63 vs. LC = \u221218.32 \u00b1 13.16), and atlas plane (FS = \u221219.99 \u00b1 8.88 vs. LC = \u221222.56 \u00b1 8.93), where all values were p &lt; 0.001. Weak-to-moderate-to-strong correlations existed between the full-spine and sectional lateral cervical radiographic variables. The R2 values varied based on the measurement were R2 = 0.768 (p &lt; 0.001) for sagittal cervical translation of C2-C7 (strong), R2 = 0.613 (p &lt; 0.001) for the absolute rotation angle C2-C7 (moderate), and R2 = 0.406 (p &lt; 0.001) for the atlas plane line (weak). Though a linear correlation was identified, there were consistent intra-person differences between the measurements on the full spine versus sectional lateral cervical radiographic views, where the full-spine view consistently underestimated the magnitude of the variables. (4) Conclusion: Key sagittal cervical radiographic measurements on the full spine versus sectional lateral cervical radiographic views show striking intra-person differences. The findings of this study confirm that full spine versus sectional lateral cervical radiographic views provide different biomechanical magnitudes of cervical sagittal alignment, and caution should be exercised by health care providers as these are not interchangeable. We recommend the LC view for measurement of cervical sagittal alignment variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T10:18:36Z","timestamp":1713953916000},"page":"2502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sagittal Full-Spine vs. Sectional Cervical Lateral Radiographs: Are the Measurements of Cervical Alignment Interchangeable?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0901-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason W.","family":"Haas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBP NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Betz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBP NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"},{"name":"Private Practice, Boise, ID 83709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBP NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"},{"name":"Private Practice, Lakewood, CO 80226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason O.","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBP NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"},{"name":"Community Based Internship Program, Associate Faculty, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, CA 90604, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS\u2013Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6671-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deed E.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBP NonProfit, Inc., Eagle, ID 83616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2020-0011","article-title":"Imaging in Spine Surgery: Current Concepts and Future Directions","volume":"4","author":"Harada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine Surg. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000187977.76926.85","article-title":"The use of computerized image guidance in lumbar disk arthroplasty","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3454-0","article-title":"Pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch predisposes to adjacent segment disease after lumbar spinal fusion","volume":"24","author":"Rothenfluh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2019.11.18","article-title":"Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine: Do we know enough for successful surgery?","volume":"6","author":"Teo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.2.104","article-title":"Neutral upright sagittal spinal alignment from the occiput to the pelvis in asymptomatic adults: A review and resynthesis of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Kuntz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.33.784","article-title":"Restoring cervical lordosis by cervical extension traction methods in the treatment of cervical spine disorders: A systematic review of controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Oakley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernardo-Filho, M. (2022). Complementary Therapies, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.95741"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955367","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.955367","article-title":"Global, regional, and national neck pain burden in the general population, 1990\u20132019: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"13","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazeminasab, S., Nejadghaderi, S.A., Amiri, P., Pourfathi, H., Araj-Khodaei, M., Sullman, M.J.M., Kolahi, A.A., and Safiri, S. (2022). Neck pain: Global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04957-4"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"100661","article-title":"Musculoskeletal health: An ecological study assessing disease burden and research funding","volume":"29","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Am."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25987","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025987","article-title":"Cervical spine lateral radiograph versus whole spine lateral radiograph: A retrospective comparative study to identify a better modality to assess cervical sagittal alignment","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556584","article-title":"Radiographic Comparison between Cervical Spine Lateral and Whole-Spine Lateral Standing Radiographs","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-21-54","article-title":"Etiology and treatment of cervical kyphosis: State of the art review-a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Ogura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab110","article-title":"Associations of Pain Numeric Rating Scale Scores Collected during Usual Care with Research Administered Patient Reported Pain Outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Nugent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Sy, E., Samboju, V., and Mukhdomi, T. (2024, January 02). X-ray Image Production Procedures, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK564352\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200008150-00011","article-title":"Cobb method or Harrison posterior tangent method: Which to choose for lateral cervical radiographic analysis","volume":"25","author":"Harrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.12.033","article-title":"Radiography and photogrammetry-based methods of assessing cervical spine posture in the sagittal plane: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Pivotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.13-04-0082","article-title":"The other half of the story: Effect size analysis in quantitative research","volume":"12","author":"Maher","year":"2013","journal-title":"CBE Life Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3525-2","article-title":"Does whole-spine lateral radiograph with clavicle positioning reflect the correct cervical sagittal alignment?","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218811841","article-title":"Evaluating Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Cervical Myelopathy: Are Sitting Cervical Radiographs and Standing Whole-Spine Radiographs Equally Useful?","volume":"9","author":"Morimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.019","article-title":"Physiologic Cervical Alignment Change Between Whole Spine Radiographs and Normal Standing Cervical Radiographs","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2003.15","article-title":"Repeatability over time of posture, radiograph positioning, and radiograph line drawing: An analysis of six control groups","volume":"26","author":"Harrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200003010-00008","article-title":"Lumbopelvic lordosis and pelvic balance on repeated standing lateral radiographs of adult volunteers and untreated patients with constant low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Jackson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Moore, D.S., Notz, W.I., and Flinger, M.A. (2013). The Basic Practice of Statistics, W. H. Freeman and Company. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199603150-00002","article-title":"Comparisons of lordotic cervical spine curvatures to a theoretical ideal model of the static sagittal cervical spine","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000228","article-title":"Slight head extension: Does it change the sagittal cervical curve?","volume":"10","author":"Harrison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01639-0","article-title":"Analysis of a radiographic parameter K-line tilt following adjacent two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-1014","article-title":"The role of radiography in the study of spinal disorders","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07176-0","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in spine care: Current applications and future utility","volume":"31","author":"Hornung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002922","article-title":"Genetic risk shared across 24 chronic pain conditions: Identification and characterization with genomic structural equation modeling","volume":"164","author":"Lindquist","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Rahman, S., and Das, J.M. (2024, January 02). Anatomy, Head and Neck: Cervical Spine, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557516\/."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14393","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014393","article-title":"Correlation of cervical and thoracic inlet sagittal parameters by MRI and radiography in patients with cervical spondylosis","volume":"98","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Torlincasi, A.M., and Waseem, M. (2024, January 02). Cervical Injury, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK448146\/."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36845","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036845","article-title":"Effects of cervical stabilization with visual feedback on craniovertebral angle and proprioception for the subjects with forward head posture","volume":"103","author":"Goo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13963","article-title":"Increased Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Discogenic Neck Pain","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Fakhoury, J., and Dowling, T.J. (2024, January 02). Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560772\/."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"e35685","article-title":"The Association Between Neck Pain and Psychological Distress Experienced by King Abdulaziz University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison, D.E., Oakley, P.A., and Moustafa, I.M. (2023). Don\u2019t Throw the \u2018Bio\u2019 out of the Bio-Psycho-Social Model: Editorial for Spine Rehabilitation in 2022 and Beyond. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175602"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Mulloy, D.F., and Hughes, R.G. (2008). Wrong-site surgery: A preventable medical error, Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses, Chapter 36."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-012-9405-5","article-title":"Wrong site surgery\u2014Where are we and what is the next step?","volume":"7","author":"Cobb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.9.931","article-title":"Wrong-side\/wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and wrong-patient adverse events: Are they preventable?","volume":"141","author":"Seiden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d833ac","article-title":"Avoiding wrong site surgery: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"DeVine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"47","article-title":"Wrong-level surgery: A unique problem in spine surgery","volume":"2","author":"Hsiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2018.12.3.574","article-title":"Etiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Sebaaly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mi\u0119kisiak, G. (2023). Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: No Longer a Surgeon\u2019s Defeat-A Narrative Review. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071255"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020190135","article-title":"CT Myelography: Clinical Indications and Imaging Findings","volume":"40","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3832-2","article-title":"Analysis of cervical and global spine alignment under Roussouly sagittal classification in Chinese cervical spondylotic patients and asymptomatic subjects","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.059","article-title":"Factors determining cervical spine sagittal balance in asymptomatic adults: Correlation with spinopelvic balance and thoracic inlet alignment","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a7f449","article-title":"Cervical radiographical alignment: Comprehensive assessment techniques and potential importance in cervical myelopathy","volume":"38","author":"Ames","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3150-5","article-title":"Cervical spine alignment in the pediatric population: A radiographic normative study of 150 asymptomatic patients","volume":"23","author":"Idjerouidene","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3632-0","article-title":"Sagittal parameters of global cervical balance using EOS imaging: Normative values from a prospective cohort of asymptomatic volunteers","volume":"24","author":"Demezon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2953-8","article-title":"Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery","volume":"23","author":"Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norton, T.C., Oakley, P.A., Haas, J.W., and Harrison, D.E. (2023). Positive Outcomes Following Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration (CAD) Injury Using Chiropractic BioPhysics\u00ae Methods: A Pre-Auto Injury and Post-Auto Injury Case Series. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196414"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Bettany-Saltikov, J. (2019). Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults, IntechOpen Publisher."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.34.759","article-title":"Structural rehabilitation of the cervical lordosis and forward head posture: A selective review of Chiropractic BioPhysics\u00ae case reports","volume":"34","author":"Oakley","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"190","article-title":"Improving the pediatric cervical lordosis: A review of Chiropractic Biophysics\u00ae case reporting","volume":"5","author":"Oakley","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Chiropr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.07.011","article-title":"On the origins of the linear no-threshold (LNT) dogma by means of untruths, artful dodges and blind faith","volume":"142","author":"Calabrese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-023-03861-w","article-title":"Effects of ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"Mainprize","year":"2023","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2248","article-title":"Informing parents about CT radiation exposure in children: It\u2019s OK to tell them","volume":"189","author":"Larson","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325818781445","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325818781445","article-title":"Radiophobia: 7 Reasons Why Radiography Used in Spine and Posture Rehabilitation Should Not Be Feared or Avoided","volume":"16","author":"Oakley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325819895739","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325819895739","article-title":"Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies","volume":"18","author":"Cuttler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165402","article-title":"How self-interest and deception led to the adoption of the linear non-threshold dose response (LNT) model for cancer risk assessment","volume":"898","author":"Selby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120902","article-title":"Manhattan Project genetic studies: Flawed research discredits LNT recommendations","volume":"319","author":"Calabrese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03360-9","article-title":"Is LNT anti-evolution dose response model?","volume":"96","author":"Calabrese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.217489","article-title":"The Conclusion of the BEIR VII Report Endorsing the Linear No-Threshold Model Is No Longer Valid Due to Advancement of Knowledge","volume":"59","author":"Doss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325820921641","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325820921641","article-title":"Death of the ALARA Radiation Protection Principle as Used in the Medical Sector","volume":"18","author":"Oakley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calabrese, E.J., and Giordano, J. (2022). How did Hermann Muller publish a paper absent any data in the journal Science? Ethical questions and implications of Muller\u2019s Nobel Prize. Chem. Biol. Interact., 368.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110204"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03566-5","article-title":"Confirmation that Hermann Muller was dishonest in his Nobel Prize Lecture","volume":"97","author":"Calabrese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X1900520X","article-title":"The Risk of Cancer from CT Scans and Other Sources of Low-Dose Radiation: A Critical Appraisal of Methodologic Quality","volume":"35","author":"Schultz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000153698.94091.f8","article-title":"Is there an optimal patient stance for obtaining a lateral 36\u201d radiograph? A critical comparison of three techniques","volume":"30","author":"Horton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318199650a","article-title":"Which lateral radiographic positioning technique provides the most reliable and functional representation of a patient\u2019s sagittal balance?","volume":"34","author":"Marks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/9\/2502\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:33:24Z","timestamp":1760106804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/9\/2502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13092502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13092502","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]}}}