{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:51:41Z","timestamp":1788558701121,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25HD094336-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25HD094336-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: to examine factors associated with cardiac evaluation and associations between cardiac test abnormalities and clinical outcomes in patients with acute brain injury (ABI) due to acute ischemic stroke (AIS), spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring neurocritical care. Methods: In a cohort of patients \u226518 years, we examined the utilization of electrocardiography (ECG), beta-natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin (cTnI), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We investigated the association between cTnI, BNP, sex-adjusted prolonged QTc interval, low ejection fraction (EF &lt; 40%), all-cause mortality, death by neurologic criteria (DNC), transition to comfort measures only (CMO), and hospital discharge to home using univariable and multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, insurance carrier, pre-admission cardiac disorder, ABI type, admission Glasgow Coma Scale Score, mechanical ventilation, and intracranial pressure [ICP] monitoring). Results: The final sample comprised 11,822 patients: AIS (46.7%), sICH (18.5%), SAH (14.8%), and TBI (20.0%). A total of 63% (n = 7472) received cardiac workup, which increased over nine years (p &lt; 0.001). A cardiac investigation was associated with increased age, male sex (aOR 1.16 [1.07, 1.27]), non-white ethnicity (aOR), non-commercial insurance (aOR 1.21 [1.09, 1.33]), pre-admission cardiac disorder (aOR 1.21 [1.09, 1.34]), mechanical ventilation (aOR1.78 [1.57, 2.02]) and ICP monitoring (aOR1.68 [1.49, 1.89]). Compared to AIS, sICH (aOR 0.25 [0.22, 0.29]), SAH (aOR 0.36 [0.30, 0.43]), and TBI (aOR 0.19 [0.17, 0.24]) patients were less likely to receive cardiac investigation. Patients with troponin 25th\u201350th quartile (aOR 1.65 [1.10\u20132.47]), troponin 50th\u201375th quartile (aOR 1.79 [1.22\u20132.63]), troponin &gt;75th quartile (aOR 2.18 [1.49\u20133.17]), BNP 50th-75th quartile (aOR 2.86 [1.28\u20136.40]), BNP &gt;75th quartile (aOR 4.54 [2.09\u20139.85]), prolonged QTc (aOR 3.41 [2.28; 5.30]), and EF &lt; 40% (aOR 2.47 [1.07; 5.14]) were more likely to be DNC. Patients with troponin 50th\u201375th quartile (aOR 1.77 [1.14\u20132.73]), troponin &gt;75th quartile (aOR 1.81 [1.18\u20132.78]), and prolonged QTc (aOR 1.71 [1.39; 2.12]) were more likely to be associated with a transition to CMO. Patients with prolonged QTc (aOR 0.66 [0.58; 0.76]) were less likely to be discharged home. Conclusions: This large, single-center study demonstrates low rates of cardiac evaluations in TBI, SAH, and sICH compared to AIS. However, there are strong associations between electrocardiography, biomarkers of cardiac injury and heart failure, and echocardiography findings on clinical outcomes in patients with ABI. Findings need validation in a multicenter cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"2526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early Cardiac Evaluation, Abnormal Test Results, and Associations with Outcomes in Patients with Acute Brain Injury Admitted to a Neurocritical Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6956-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit V.","family":"Lele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1166-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffery","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6988-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thitikan","family":"Kunapaisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nophanan","family":"Chaikittisilpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2544-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taniga","family":"Kiatchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K.","family":"Meno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osayd R.","family":"Assad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine T.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Nandate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumul","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica S.","family":"Vavilala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younghoon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00750-3","article-title":"Worldwide Organization of Neurocritical Care: Results from the PRINCE Study Part 1","volume":"32","author":"Suarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocrit. 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