{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:05:49Z","timestamp":1771297549167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lodz","award":["503\/1-120-01\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-120-01\/503-11-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Testicular volume (TV) and testicular atrophy index (TAI) were used to determine criteria for normal, hypotrophic and atrophic undescended testes (UDT). Objectives: This study aimed to determine changes in TV and TAI in patients with different types of UDT. Materials and Methods: 182 boys (aged 0.3\u201314.0 years) with 212 UDTs were assessed twice 24 months apart. Testes were unilateral (UCT) or bilateral canalicular (BCT) and intra-abdominal (IAT). Results: At the beginning of the observation, the highest TAI was observed in IAT and the lowest in the BCT group (38.1 vs. 12.5%, p &lt; 0.05). After 2 years, the highest TAI was observed in the BCT and IAT groups (20.5 and 19.1%), while the lowest was in the UCT group (12.0%, p &lt; 0.05). At the beginning and after 2 years, the highest TAI was observed in boys aged &lt; 6 years (25.0%, 18.2%) and the lowest in pubertal boys aged 12\u201314 years (5.9%, 7.3%, p &lt; 0.05). A total of 78.3% of patients at the beginning and 86.8% at the end of the observation had TAI &lt; 30%. Furthermore, 7% of boys at the beginning and 3% at the end of the observation had TAI &gt; 50%. IATs have the highest testicular growth potential (TGP), while BCTs have the lowest (120.0 vs. 28.6%, p &lt; 0.05). The highest TGP was in boys aged &lt; 3 years (100%, p &lt; 0.05) and boys aged 12\u201314 years (98.1%, p &lt; 0.05), while the lowest was in boys aged 9\u201310.9 years (19.5%, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: We revealed the continuous growth of UDTs until puberty independently of their position. IATs revealed high growth potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:33:36Z","timestamp":1714386816000},"page":"2620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Undescended Testes Growth Potential in Relation to Testis Position from Diagnosis until Puberty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maciej","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Pediatric Centre, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5358-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Niedzielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Pediatric Centre, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3105-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Slowikowska-Hilczer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Walczak-Jedrzejowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1533-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Marchlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.59940","article-title":"Undescended testis\u2014Current trends and guidelines: A review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Niedzielski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. 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