{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:02:27Z","timestamp":1789419747235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation","award":["5\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/19"]}]},{"name":"Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation","award":["2020-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation","award":["2021-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation","award":["2019-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2-08"]}]},{"name":"Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation","award":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"]}]},{"name":"Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation","award":["2014_Kolleg.05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014_Kolleg.05"]}]},{"name":"University of Bonn","award":["5\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/19"]}]},{"name":"University of Bonn","award":["2020-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"University of Bonn","award":["2021-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"University of Bonn","award":["2019-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2-08"]}]},{"name":"University of Bonn","award":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"]}]},{"name":"University of Bonn","award":["2014_Kolleg.05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014_Kolleg.05"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["5\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/19"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["2020-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["2021-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["2019-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2-08"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["2014_Kolleg.05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014_Kolleg.05"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["5\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/19"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["2020-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["2021-2A-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2A-07"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["2019-2-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2-08"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2151\u2013390873048"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","award":["2014_Kolleg.05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014_Kolleg.05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Esophageal varices (EV) and variceal hemorrhages are major causes of mortality in liver cirrhosis patients. Detecting EVs early is crucial for effective management. Computed tomography (CT) scans, commonly performed for various liver-related indications, provide an opportunity for non-invasive EV assessment. However, previous CT studies focused on variceal diameter, neglecting the three-dimensional (3D) nature of varices and shunt vessels. This study aims to evaluate the potential of 3D volumetric shunt-vessel measurements from routine CT scans for detecting high-risk esophageal varices in portal hypertension. Methods: 3D volumetric measurements of esophageal varices were conducted using routine CT scans and compared to endoscopic variceal grading. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to determine the optimal cutoff value for identifying high-risk varices based on shunt volume. The study included 142 patients who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and contrast-enhanced CT within six months. Results: The study established a cutoff value for identifying high-risk varices. The CT measurements exhibited a significant correlation with endoscopic EV grading (correlation coefficient r = 0.417, p &lt; 0.001). A CT cutoff value of 2060 mm3 for variceal volume showed a sensitivity of 72.1% and a specificity of 65.5% for detecting high-risk varices during endoscopy. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of opportunistically measuring variceal volumes from routine CT scans. CT volumetry for assessing EVs may have prognostic value, especially in cirrhosis patients who are not suitable candidates for endoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T07:04:14Z","timestamp":1714633454000},"page":"2678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["3D-Volumetric Shunt Measurement for Detection of High-Risk Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Gl\u00fcckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn Arne","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feras","family":"Sanoubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"G\u00f6diker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Noemi","family":"Reinartz Groba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kimmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7715-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian A.","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alois M.","family":"Sprinkart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Praktiknjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.008","article-title":"Precision Medicine in Variceal Bleeding: Are We There Yet?","volume":"72","author":"Magaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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