{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:22:27Z","timestamp":1784614947537,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transorbital approach (TOA) is gaining popularity in skull base surgery scenarios. This approach represents a valuable surgical corridor to access various compartments and safely address several intracranial pathologies, both intradurally and extradurally, including tumors of the olfactory groove in the anterior cranial fossa (ACF), cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa (MCF), and the cerebellopontine angle in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF). The TOA exists in many variants, both from the point of view of invasiveness and from that of the entry point to the orbit, corresponding to the four orbital quadrants: the superior eyelid crease (SLC), the precaruncular (PC), the lateral retrocanthal (LRC), and the preseptal lower eyelid (PS). Moreover, multiportal variants, consisting of the combination of the transorbital approach with others, exist and are relevant to reach peculiar surgical territories. The significance of the TOA in neurosurgery, coupled with the dearth of thorough studies assessing its various applications and adaptations, underscores the necessity for this research. This extensive review delineates the multitude of target lesions reachable through the transorbital route, categorizing them based on surgical complexity. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the different transorbital variations, both standalone and in conjunction with other techniques. By offering a comprehensive understanding, this study aims to enhance awareness and knowledge regarding the current utility of the transorbital approach in neurosurgery. Additionally, it aims to steer future investigations toward deeper exploration, refinement, and exploration of additional perspectives concerning this surgical method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1715005571000},"page":"2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Transorbital Approach: A Comprehensive Review of Targets, Surgical Techniques, and Multiportal Variants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"De Simone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7304-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesare","family":"Zoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Moriggia Pelascini, Gravedona e Uniti, 22015 Gravedona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis","family":"Choucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Aix Marseille University, APHM, UH Timone, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biomechanics and Application, UMRT24, Gustave Eiffel University, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo-Sik","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"De Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.JNS182154","article-title":"Lessons learned in the evolution of endoscopic skull base surgery","volume":"130","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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