{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:27:01Z","timestamp":1790263621419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In assessing individual cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia is known for emerging as a pivotal factor significantly contributing to major cardiovascular events. However, dyslipidemic patients frequently present with concurrent medical conditions, each with varying frequencies of occurrence; cholangitis, whether acute or chronic, and hepatic steatosis, along with associated conditions, are strongly associated with specific forms of dyslipidemia, and these associations are reasonably well elucidated. Conversely, evidence linking biliary disease to hepatic steatosis is comparatively scant. This narrative review aims to bridge this gap in knowledge concerning the interplay between dyslipidemia, cholangitis, and hepatic steatosis. By addressing this gap, clinicians can better identify patients at heightened risk of future major cardiovascular events, facilitating more targeted interventions and management strategies. The review delves into the intricate relationships between dyslipidemia and these hepatic and biliary clinical conditions, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying their associations. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for optimizing cardiovascular risk assessment as well and devising tailored treatment approaches for patients with dyslipidemia and associated hepatic disorders. Moreover, elucidating these connections empowers clinicians with the knowledge needed to navigate the multifaceted landscape of cardiovascular risk assessment and management effectively. By exploring the intricate relationships between dyslipidemia, cholangitis, and hepatic steatosis (without forgetting the possible clinical consequences of hepatic steatosis itself), this review not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also offers insights into potential avenues for further research and clinical practice. Thus, it serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals striving to enhance patient care and outcomes in the context of cardiovascular disease and associated hepatic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1715005571000},"page":"2714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dyslipidemia, Cholangitis and Fatty Liver Disease: The Close Underexplored Relationship: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, FE, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale del Delta, Via Valle Oppio 2, 44023 Lagosanto, FE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4702-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Campigotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASUGI, Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, TS, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7421-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"D\u2019Amuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Unit, Medical Department, ASST Mantova, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Strada Lago Paiolo 10, 46100 Mantova, MN, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7039-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Ospedale del Delta, Via Valle Oppio 2, 44023 Lagosanto, FE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8462-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Passaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, FE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2018-101124","article-title":"Hyperlipidaemia in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Treatment, Safety and Efficacy","volume":"10","author":"Danford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2014.00037","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Dyslipidemia, Risk for Cardiovascular Complications, and Treatment Strategy","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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