{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T18:31:34Z","timestamp":1780684294056,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Chyloperitoneum arises from lymph leakage into the abdominal cavity, leading to an accumulation of milky fluid rich in triglycerides. Diagnosis can be challenging, and mortality rates vary depending on the underlying cause, with intestinal volvulus being just one potential acute cause. Despite its rarity, our case series highlights chyloperitoneum associated with non-ischemic small bowel volvulus. The aims of our study include assessing the incidence of this association and evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Material and Methods: We present two cases of acute abdominal peritonitis with suspected small bowel volvulus identified via contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Emergency laparotomy revealed milky-free fluid and bowel volvulus. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review up to 31 October 2023, identifying 15 previously reported cases of small bowel volvulus and chyloperitoneum in adults (via the PRISMA scheme). Conclusions: Clarifying the etiopathogenetic mechanism of chyloperitoneum requires specific diagnostic tools. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be useful in non-emergency situations, while contrast-enhanced CT is employed in emergencies. Although small bowel volvulus infrequently causes chyloperitoneum, prompt treatment is necessary. The volvulus determines lymphatic flow obstruction at the base of the mesentery, with exudation and chyle accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Derotation of the volvulus alone may resolve chyloperitoneum without intestinal ischemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T09:28:25Z","timestamp":1715592505000},"page":"2816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Acute Chyloperitoneum with Small Bowel Volvulus: Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1684-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Sinicropi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Sofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Policlinico \u201cG. Martino\u201d Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4720-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santino Antonio","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1092-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fleres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rjac155","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjac155","article-title":"Sit-ups and emergency abdominal surgery: A rare case of intestinal volvulus and resultant chylous ascites incited by abdominal exercises","volume":"2022","author":"Gritsiuta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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