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In clinical practice, innovative methods such as epicardial adipose tissue evaluation, ventricular\u2013arterial coupling, and exercise tolerance studies could help to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms associated with CMDs. Similarly, epigenetic changes involving noncoding RNAs, chromatin modulation, and cellular senescence could represent both novel biomarkers and targets for CMDs. Despite the promising data available, significant challenges remain in translating basic research findings into clinical practice, highlighting the need for further investigation into the complex pathophysiology underlying CMDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T03:20:29Z","timestamp":1715656829000},"page":"2883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel Techniques, Biomarkers and Molecular Targets to Address Cardiometabolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Valerio","family":"Di Fiore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4044-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Del Punta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"De Biase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Armenia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Maremmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Lomonaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Lenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7633-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Tric\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mengozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5473-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola Riccardo","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7008","article-title":"Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with mortality","volume":"314","author":"Kaptoge","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA\u2014J. 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