{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:00:47Z","timestamp":1793383247623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: There have been widespread reports of persistent symptoms in both children and adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection, giving rise to debates on whether it should be regarded as a separate clinical entity from other postviral syndromes. This study aimed to characterize the clinical presentation of post-acute symptoms and conditions in the Korean pediatric and adult populations. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using a national, population-based database, which was encoded using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). We compared individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 to those diagnosed with influenza, focusing on the risk of developing prespecified symptoms and conditions commonly associated with the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Results: Propensity score matching yielded 1,656 adult and 343 pediatric SARS-CoV-2 and influenza pairs. Ninety days after diagnosis, no symptoms were found to have elevated risk in either adults or children when compared with influenza controls. Conversely, at 1 day after diagnosis, adults with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing abnormal liver function tests, cardiorespiratory symptoms, constipation, cough, thrombophlebitis\/thromboembolism, and pneumonia. In contrast, children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 did not show an increased risk for any symptoms during either acute or post-acute phases. Conclusions: In the acute phase after infection, SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an elevated risk of certain symptoms in adults. The risk of developing post-acute COVID-19 sequelae is not significantly different from that of having postviral symptoms in children in both the acute and post-acute phases, and in adults in the post-acute phase. These observations warrant further validation through studies, including the severity of initial illness, vaccination status, and variant types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T03:35:55Z","timestamp":1715744155000},"page":"2911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Symptoms and Conditions in Children and Adults up to 90 Days after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study Utilizing the Common Data Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjung","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taehee","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-ryoung","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7790-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suyoung","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeongchang","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Han","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Department, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8620-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare ICT Research Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-il","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778037","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.778037","article-title":"Recent Chronology of COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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