{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:45:32Z","timestamp":1791323132961,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regione Campania research project","award":["n. PG\/2022\/370959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n. PG\/2022\/370959"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality for interstitial lung disease (ILD)-related respiratory failure. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HFNC therapy in patients with ILDs. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using major electronic databases to identify relevant studies investigating the use of HFNC therapy in ILD patients with respiratory failure. Outcome measures of interest included improvements in oxygenation, dyspnea relief, respiratory rate control, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Results: Twelve studies were analyzed with an overall population of 715 patients included. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) was the most prevalent type of ILD. Evaluated clinical settings were acute (7 studies), chronic (2 studies), and end-stage (3 studies) ILDs. The HFNC as a support for acute respiratory failure seems not inferior to non-invasive ventilation while offering better comfort and patient\u2019s perception. Poor data are available about use in chronic\/long-term or rehabilitative settings. In end of life\/palliative care, an HFNC might improve quality of life. Despite the promising results, further research is warranted to establish optimal HFNC protocols, identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit, and explore long-term outcomes. Conclusions: Overall, the HFNC appears to be a valuable therapeutic option for managing respiratory failure in ILD patients, offering potential improvements in oxygenation and symptom relief.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1715919989000},"page":"2956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["High-Flow Nasal Cannula System in Respiratory Failure Associated with Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Aronne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Fomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Montella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3336-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Sanduzzi Zamparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A. O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samarelli, A.V., Tonelli, R., Marchioni, A., Bruzzi, G., Gozzi, F., Andrisani, D., Castaniere, I., Manicardi, L., Moretti, A., and Tabb\u00ec, L. (2021). Fibrotic Idiopathic Interstitial Lung Disease: The Molecular and Cellular Key Players. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168952"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00176","article-title":"Acute Exacerbation in Interstitial Lung Disease","volume":"4","author":"Leuschner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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Outcomes Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/10\/2956\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:43:49Z","timestamp":1760107429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/10\/2956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13102956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13102956","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]}}}